卫星遥感技术在寻找地下热水中的应用

简要介绍了热红外遥感技术在寻找地下热水中的应用。通过寻找山西省地下热水的实例,阐述了卫星遥感技术寻找地下热水的原理和关键技术,说明了该项技术的优势及其在寻找地下热水中的效果和应用前景。     

微阵列射流冲击肋化表面传热特性

以去离子水为工质,对微阵列射流冲击光滑和肋化表面的传热特性进行了实验研究,并以光滑表面传热性能为基准,讨论了肋化表面强化因子(ε)变化规律.实验结果表明:①浸没和自由射流的传热系数均受无量纲射流距离(H/d)影响;提高射流Re数和减小无量纲孔间距(S/d)都能够增强换热.②浸没射流ε受H/d影响大,而自由射流ε基本不受H/d影响;两种射流方式的ε都随Re数增大,且渐趋于一个常数.③对流热阻在各种射流情况下均随流量不断下降,但下降趋势逐渐平缓,当流量大到一定时,热阻基本不再降低.      

Effects of Contact Resistance on Heat Transfer Behaviors of Fibrous Insulation

In this article, a numerical model combining conduction and radiation is developed based on two flux approximation to predict the heat transfer behavior of fibrous insulation used in thermal protection systems. Monte Carlo method is utilized to determine the modified radiative properties with experimentally measured transient external temperature as high as 1 000 K. It is found that the estimated radiative properties become time-independent after about t = 3 000 s. By comparing the predicted to the measured results in transient state, the contact resistance exerts significant influences upon the temperature distribution in the specimen. Results show that the averaged absolute deviation is 3.25% when contact resistance is neglected in heat transfer model, while 1.82% with no contact resistance.     

结冰风洞试验水滴直径选取方法

结冰风洞是开展飞机结冰研究的主要设备,确定合理的试验水滴大小,是选取结冰风洞试验条件的重要内容。为了研究结冰风洞试验水滴直径的选取原则,针对结冰风洞试验水滴的大小主要取决于试验速度的大小,在推导结冰风洞试验水滴直径选取公式的基础上,用数值方法预测并对比了不同试验速度对水滴大小选取效果及试验结果的影响。采用欧拉法数值计算了不同试验速度及相应试验水滴条件下,试验模型表面的水滴收集率,并与全尺寸物体表面的水滴收集率进行了对比。研究发现:对于小水滴,当参考速度较低时,试验速度与参考速度的比值不能取得太低,参考速度升高到一定程度之后,试验速度与参考速度的比值又不能取得太高;对于大水滴,当参考速度较低时,试验速度与参考速度的比值也不能取得太低,当参考速度升高到一定程度之后,试验速度和相应试验水滴直径的改变对模型表面的水滴收集率影响较小,试验速度与参考速度的比值在0.3～1.0之间变动,均可以在模型和全尺寸物体上得到一致的水滴收集率。     

降雨对飞机气动性能影响的研究综述

研究了降雨的自然特性,分析了降雨条件下机翼表面复杂的物理现象.重点从实验测试和数值模拟两方面论述了国内外关于降雨对飞机气动性能影响的研究进展,内容涉及降雨条件下机翼的气动性能损失、降雨对机翼气动性能的影响机理和机翼对各种影响因素的敏感度研究等方面.指出了当前国内外关于这一研究在自然飞行测试、实验相似准则、风洞实验中边界层固定转捩和多相流数值建模等方面所面临的关键问题和重大技术挑战.      

The effects of CO2 on growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus) in hypobaria

Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but the effects of pCO₂ at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO₂ on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO₂ assimilation rates (C_A), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO₂ (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO₂ enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO₂ (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO₂). Increasing the pCO₂ from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO₂ (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO₂ although at high levels leaf damage may occur.     

基于虚拟仪器的压力开关测试系统设计

设计了压力开关参数测试系统,能同时实现5个产品的触点接触电阻、绝缘电阻测试,动作压力和恢复压力测试。系统采用虚拟仪器技术,构建了以工控计算机及其板卡为硬件平台,以LabVIEW为软件平台的虚拟仪器测试系统。采用四端钮接法,实现了微电阻的测量,利用继电器逻辑实现了5个产品多参量的自动测试,并能根据测试结果自动判别产品是否合格。结果表明,该系统运行可靠,测试准确度高,测试效率高。     

天然气绕三角翼旋流的水洞实验研究

天然气绕三角翼产生旋流,使天然气中的游离水滴甩出,附着在管道内壁上,在气流的牵引下沿管道内壁向下游流动,实现了气水分离的目的.通过水洞实验,利用染色液流动显示技术,探讨了流体绕三角翼后产生旋流的可行性.同时,基于均匀设计思想对三角翼的前缘后掠角、后缘后掠角和迎角等几何参数分别做了5个水平的实验研究,均证实了天然气绕三角翼后产生旋流的可靠性,为该技术的应用奠定了基础.     

Retrieval of the change of precipitable water vapor with zenith tropospheric delay in the Chinese mainland

As a preliminary step for assessing the impact of global positioning system (GPS) refractive delay data in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, the GPS zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) are analyzed from 28 permanent GPS sites in the Chinese mainland. The objectives are to estimate the GPS ZTD and their variability in this area. The differences between radiosonde precipitable water vapor (PWV) and GPS PWV have a standard deviation of 4 mm in delay, a bias of 0.24 mm in delay, and a correlation coefficient of 0.94. The correlation between GPS ZTD and radiosonde PWV amounts to 0.89, indicating that the variety of tropospheric zenith delay can reflect the change of precipitable water vapor. The good agreement also guarantees that the information provided by GPS will benefit the NWP models. The time series of GPS ZTD, which were derived continuously from 2002 to 2004, are used to analyze the change of precipitable water vapor in Chinese mainland. It shows that the general trend of GPS ZTD is diminishing from the south-east coastland to the north-west inland, which is in accordance with the distribution of Chinese annual amount of rainfall. The temporal distribution of GPS ZTD in the Chinese mainland is that the GPS ZTD reaches maximum in summer, and it reaches minimum in winter. The long term differences between the observational data sources require further study before GPS derived data become useful for climate studies.     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料的蠕变性能

文章阐述了纤维增强树脂基复合材料中存在的蠕变现象及其研究进展,介绍并评价了现今蠕变研究主要采用的方法,最后分析了几种可能改善材料抗蠕变性能的途径。