管材探伤中最佳水声程问题的探讨

多年来，中小直径薄壁管超声水浸聚焦探伤法中，Ｈ＝Ｆ－√Ｒ＾２－Ｌ＾２被称为最佳水声程公式，但探伤实践中发现，实际最佳声程和由此式计算出来的理论最佳水声程出入较大，甚至完全不符。其原因是什么？此式存在的条件是什么？其适应性怎样？最佳水声程的涵义是什么？应如何确定？本文从理论和实践两方面对上述问题进行了分析，并提出了相应的结论。     

光滑圆盘上小半球对边界层发展影响的实验研究

应用氢气泡流动显示技术对圆盘上小半球对边界层转捩的影响进行了观测.实验结果表明当Rer＞302时,将会从小半球脱落周期性的发卡涡.发卡涡在自诱导速度的作用下产生倾斜向上的运动,发卡涡头部顶端率先进入高速流区,因而比其根部运动更快,使发卡涡受到流向的拉伸,增加其流向的涡强,增加了流向涡强将使发卡涡的头部有更大的向上速度,由此而形成了不断加强的拉伸、自诱导过程,这就使三维扰动快速增长,导致边界层速度剖面出现局部的暂时变形,从而产生一个强剪切层,强剪切层很不稳定,导致发卡涡破裂而形成湍斑,在下游发展成完全湍流,而在边界层转捩过程中则观察到了水充速度有很强的负脉动.在小半球前缘附近会形成稳定的standing涡,并对standing涡及发卡涡对周围流体的诱导作用进行了细致的分析.小半球对边界层的扰动以锲形向下游传播,锲形的半顶角称为扰动扩散角,一个半球与三个半球的尾迹区没有明显的区别,每个半球扰动的扩散角均为5.7°.     

某舰飞行甲板区域流场特性的水洞试验

为了满足舰载直升机的需要，南航直升机技术研究所对某舰飞行甲板区域流场进行了水洞试验。本文详述了水洞试验的方法和技术，通过对舰模在各种水速、各种航行偏角状态下的试验，得到了大量照片，并据此对该舰机库后部、飞行甲板上部周围流场进行了分析，得出了在飞行甲板机库门外有一趋于收缩的稳态区，随着流速Ｖ的增大，这一区域变短。稳态区之后很快变为乱流区。从侧面上看，稳态区高度有从降低再向上扩散的趋向。在向右偏航时，     

Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.     

求解-维浅水波方程的中心差分格式

使用Haim Nessyahu和Eitan Tadmor给出的求解双曲型守恒律的中心差分交错格式求解浅水波方程,经一维溃坝问题数值实验验证了该格式对于求解浅水波方程的可行性和有效性。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

廊坊市市区水资源规划治理研究

水资源是人类赖以生存的资源,现今,水资源已成为制约我国民经济发展的障碍,如何在充分利用水资源、保护水资源的基础上发展经济,是实现可持续发展的重要条件。本文通过对废水排放量和规划用水量的预测,对廊坊市未来的水资源利用规划提出建议,实现可持续发展。     

MB26镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层性能

文摘利用扫描电镜、表面性能测试仪和电化学测试技术等研究了在铝酸盐电解液中,不同电流密度和氧化时间对MB26镁合金微弧氧化膜的表面形貌、厚度、结合力以及耐蚀性等性能的影响。结果表明:随氧化时间和电流密度的增加,MB26镁合金微弧氧化膜层中的微孔数量减少,但孔变深。膜层厚度随氧化时间和电流密度的增加而线性增加,但与基体的结合力随之降低。氧化膜的耐蚀性随氧化时间和电流密度的增加呈先增加而后减小的趋势,该合金在铝酸盐体系中微弧氧化的最佳工艺为电流密度0.2 A/cm2,氧化时间40 m in。     

有机硅烷提高航天器树脂材料抗原子氧剥蚀

为了提高航天器树脂材料的抗原子氧剥蚀的性能,把缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到环氧树脂中,并对所制成的环氧树脂试样进行原子氧效应地面模拟试验,对试验前后试样的质量损失、表面形貌、表面成分和结构的变化进行了对比和分析.结果表明,添加有机硅烷可以有效地提高环氧树脂的抗原子氧剥蚀性能,试样表面在原子氧的作用下生成了一种三维网状结构,该结构有效地阻止了原子氧对底层材料的进一步剥蚀,使试样的质量损失和剥蚀率明显下降.50h实验之后,添加了质量分数为25.0%的有机硅烷,该材料的剥蚀率约为纯环氧树脂的25%.      

微细管道内流体流动的黏性耗散分析

目前,还没有实验数据和理论分析可以得出在微细管道内流体的黏性对流体流动及换热的影响,而在微细管道(微米级)内流体高速流动中黏性耗散是不能够忽略的,但是没有合理的计算公式进行理论计算。因此,这里对粘性耗散在微细管道流中的影响进行了分析和理论验证。根据已有的分析给定了一个粘性耗散在微细管道流中造成明显影响的最小标准值。