Team effectiveness evaluation and virtual reality scenario mapping model for helicopter emergency rescue

The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread, but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk. Nevertheless, with the development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, virtual simulation has become a significant role in crew training of helicopter rescue. During the implementation of VR-based training, how to transform complex real tasks into VR scenarios and how to evaluate the performance of crew are of great importance. To address these issues, a novel VR-based R-E-A-D (Report, Evaluate, Agree, Do) evaluation model for training is proposed, which is suitable for complex missions with multiple tasks, multiple scenarios, and multiple people. Then, a mapping method of VR scenarios is put forward, which can transform the real tasks into virtual scenarios to serve the virtual simulation training. Finally, an experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method and virtual scenario mapping method.     

Lineament mapping and fractal analysis using SPOT-ASTER satellite imagery for evaluating the severity of slope weathering process

The present study describes a remote sensing approach for preparing lineament map that subsequently indicates the influence of lineament density in the severity of weathering development. In this study, SPOT-5 data, the integration of SPOT-ASTER and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used and processed. The existence of an active fault system in the south of Mashhad city, NE Iran and presence of schistose rocks in this area result in the development of numerous lineament features. This region was selected for this research. Lineament features including fractures, bedding plane, cleavage, shear zones and schistosity were mapped in the study area. The results indicate that the highest concentration of lineaments occurred in the central-western and south-eastern parts of the study area, which coincide with metamorphic outcrops and NW-SE trending fault system. A comparison of lineament statistical analysis and field survey demonstrated that the structural discontinuities have a significant effect on forming and distribution of weathering profiles. It was observed that increasing the number, length and density of structural discontinuities led to strong severity in weathering, which can produce deep residual soils susceptible to landslide occurrence. The remote sensing approach developed in this study can be applicable for preparing lineament maps and evaluating the severity of weathering development in other active fault zones around the world.     

Temperature and pressure variability in mid-latitude low atmosphere and stratosphere-ionosphere coupling

This study presents the continuation of our previous analysis of variations of atmospheric and space weather parameters above Iberian Peninsula along two years near the 24th solar cycle maximum. In the previous paper (Morozova et al., 2017) we mainly discussed the first mode of principal component analysis of tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature and pressure fields, which was shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric ozone and anti-correlated with cosmic ray flux. Now we extend the investigation to the second mode, which suggests a coupling between the stratosphere and the ionosphere.This second mode, located in the low and middle stratosphere (and explaining ~7% of temperature and ~3% of geopotential height variations), showed to be statistically significantly correlated with variations of the middle stratosphere ozone content and anti-correlated with variations of ionospheric total electron content. Similar co-variability of these stratospheric and ionospheric parameters was also obtained with the wavelet cross-coherence analysis.To investigate the role of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the causal nature of the found correlations, we applied the convergent cross mapping (CCM) analysis to our series. Strong evidence for the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling were obtained for the winter 2012–2013 that is characterized by the easterly QBO phase (quasi-biennial oscillations of the direction of the stratospheric zonal winds) and a strong SSW (sudden stratospheric warming event). Further analysis (for the three-year time interval 2012–2015) hint that SSWs events play main role in emphasizing the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling.     

Radar maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on human cognition mechanism

Radar Maneuvering Targets Tracking(RMTT) in clutter is a quite challenging issue due to the errors in the models and the varying dynamics of the processes. Modern radar tracking system calls for the adaptive signal and data processing algorithm urgently to adapt the uncertainty of the environment. The mechanism of human cognition can help persons cope with the similar diffi-culties in visual tracking. Inspired by human cognition mechanism, a comprehensive method for RMTT is proposed. In the method, the model transition probability in Interacting Multiple Model(IMM) and the validation gate can be adjusted dynamically with target maneuver; the waveform in radar transmitter can vary with the perception of the environment. Experimental results in cluttered scenes show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate for perceiving the environment and targets, and the waveform selection algorithm is better than that with fixed waveform.     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

特殊复合球铰3-RPS并联机构及其连续刚度模型

采用矢量微分法研究了在大载荷作用下,兼顾支链和铰链刚度以及雅克比矩阵变化等影响因素的3-RPS并联机构完整连续刚度模型.基于螺旋理论分析了3-RPS并联机构支链及铰链构件所受作用力与机构外载荷之间的力平衡关系.采用矢量微分法分析了3-RPS并联机构动平台位姿变化与支链及铰链构件变形之间的关系.采用矢量微分法对机构的力学平衡方程进行微分,建立了完整的连续刚度模型,最后进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明并联机构刚度受载荷和位姿变化影响,简化刚度模型与完整刚度模型在工作空间边界处差值较大.     

基于非结构背景网格的动网格方法研究

借鉴弹簧动网格方法和Delaunay背景图方法,提出一种基于非结构背景网格的动网格生成方法。先用少量的物面控制点生成相对较粗的非结构背景网格,再用弹簧法将动边界的变化量作用到该背景网格,然后利用计算网格与背景网格的映射关系插值生成对应的动网格,最后对物面网格点及其附近受影响的密网格点进行局部网格修正,获得最终计算所需的动网格。所提方法与直接弹簧法比较,由于弹簧法作用的背景网格远粗于实际的计算网格,提高了计算效率,此外,由于网格的运动受控于受弹簧法作用的背景网格,边界变形或运动能较为均匀地传递到内部网格上,使网格单元过渡光滑,提高了动网格的质量。给出若干算例,展示了方法的效率和可行性。     

非结构混合网格高雷诺数流动计算中一种改进的LU-SGS隐式格式(英文)

The lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) implicit relaxation has been widely used because it has the merits of less dependency on grid topology,low numerical complexity and modest memory require...     

“资源三号”卫星多光谱相机技术

＂资源三号＂多光谱相机按照测绘相机的要求开展研制,采用了离轴TMA光学系统、柔性卸载技术、高集成与低噪声电路技术等多项先进技术保证相机成像品质,在轨测试显示,多光谱相机功能、性能满足研制要求,关键项目性能优于指标要求,内方位元素保持高精度稳定,经过几何检校后,定位精度达到国际先进水平。文章论述了多光谱相机的设计、制造、调校、试验等相关技术,可以为后续同类相机的研制提供参考。     

一种地标点修正的高精度双目视觉导航方法

自主导航技术是无人机、智能机器人以及智能车辆等技术领域中的一项关键技术。为了克服传统视觉导航方法存在的不足,以摄像机自运动估计为理论基础,提出了一种使用地标点修正的高精度双目视觉导航方法。该方法从连续图像序列的帧间变化中提取摄像机自运动信息,再通过速度、角速度积分求得载体的位置姿态等参数。同时,通过引入地标点提供的绝对定位信息,进一步提高了长时间导航的精度。将地标点绝对定位与双目视觉相对定位相结合,并对双目视觉量测噪声建模和解相关,抑制了单纯使用双目视觉长时间导航时误差的积累发散。仿真结果表明此方法具有精度高、自主性强、导航信息完备等优点。