The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Systems Engineering Effort – A successful exercise in cheaper,faster and (hopefully) better systems engineering

The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) is the latest Space Robot developed by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and McDonald Detwiller Space and Advanced Robotics (MD Robotics, previously Spar Aerospace) for the International Space Station (ISS). The SPDM has presented its designers with a number of new challenges in performing the Systems Engineering effort required for a complex robotic system:(1) The SPDM initial design was started and attained various levels of maturity for various components under the Space Station Freedom environment, then the Program was stopped and finally restarted under the harsher environment in which the International Space Station is being built.(2) The SPDM is the first space robot to utilize previously developed and space certified robotic components, as well as components with high-commonality to the previously developed ones (electronics, S/W).(3) New requirements levied by the Customer during the negotiations leading to the Program re-start necessitated significant architectural changes versus the SPDM configuration `frozen' when the Program was shut down.(4) The SPDM is the first robotic system of this complexity that is being built under a Firm Fixed Price contract, with the commonality assumptions as one of the cost drivers.This combination of components of various pedigree, coupled with the constraints imposed by an FFP contract have been addressed by the designers through the definition of a novel approach to integrated Systems and Design Engineering.     

错误分析理论及错误分类

错误分析理论是二语习得中探索语言学习心理过程的重要理论和方法，它的重大贡献是明确指出了语内错误是语言学习中错误来源的主要原因。研究者对各种错误的揭示和描述不仅促进了错误分析既作为理论又作为方法的双向研究，而且对二语语言学习有重要的启示作用。     

导弹型号总体设计工作流管理技术研究

工作流管理技术是在计算机环境支持下实现经营过程集成与经营过程自动化,是由工作流管理系统执行的业务模型。     

我国建立高绩效政府的路径选择

高绩效政府是指政府在履行行政责任的过程中，在注重社会公平的基础上，能够积极回应公众要求，追求公众满意，以相同或更少的资源获得公共产出的最大化。我国建立高绩效政府的路径有：一是继续推进行政体制改革，主要是对行政权力的进一步定位和划分；二是进一步完善制度环境，如人大监督制度、社会监督制度；三是运用科学的管理工具，如绩效评估、全面质量管理；四是加强政府人力资源管理，主要是培养有效的公共管理者、有效地利用激励和建立学习型政府组织。     

21世纪的知识化管理趋势

文章从 6个方面对 2 0世纪 90年代以来管理学的发展进行了归纳 ,由此认为 ,新世纪的管理必然是以IT支撑的互联网经济为背景 ,由新型的组织形态、能够快速响应顾客需求的先进制造技术、人力资本的产权激励等几方面的有机融合。     

大客户管理:起源、概念与研究视角

大客户已经成为众多企业争夺的焦点，而基于交易的传统营销模式越来越不适应供应商一大客户关系管理。大客户管理已经成为客户关系管理学科的一个非常重要的分支。文章从大客户管理的起源、概念界定与研究视角等方面对西方大客户管理研究文献进行了初步的梳理，并指出了现有研究的缺陷和进一步研究的方向。     

Evaluation of airborne data link communication

An experimental prototype of a cockpit data link communication interface (modified Navigation Display (ND) and Multi-purpose Control and Display Unit (MCDU)) was developed and tested in an Airbus A340 Full Flight Simulator. 8 crews (16 professional pilots) performed simulator flights in a mixed voice and data link scenario. After each experiment video recordings were presented to the pilots and they were asked to estimate subjective strain (NASA task load index) and situational aspects retrospectively. Results show an increase in subjective strain and a decrease of ‘feeling of sovereignty’ and situation awareness under data link conditions. The effect is similar to the one caused by higher workload.     

机载防撞系统现场诊断软件的架构设计

本文阐述了机载防撞系统现场诊断软件（ACAS Diag）的架构设计过程。从软件的需求分析入手,引入用例分析的方法描述了ACAS Diag的功能需求;介绍了架构设计的五视图方法;并在此基础上进行ACAS Diag的软件架构设计,分别给出了软件的逻辑架构、物理架构、开发架构和运行架构视图,从而为后续的软件开发奠定基础。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

民用飞机构型定义应用分析

通过分析国内外民用飞机构型定义案例,说明民用飞机构型定义方法。分析MBD技术在B787飞机研制中的应用,提出了构型定义的应用建议,给民用飞机研制带来了新的思维。