EMC测试中天线系数的误差分析

指出了目前正在使用的两种天线系数校准方法的不足；引入了配置天线系数及其配置不确定度的概念；提出了减小天线配置不确定度的途径。     

飞行器多学科不确定性设计理论概述

设计是充分利用设计知识做出智能决策得到最优解的过程，在基于建模与仿真的飞行器设计过程中，由于客观存在的不确定性，产生基于模型预估结果与真实结果的不一致。飞行器传统设计采用基于串行的确定性设计方法，无法得到性能、可支付性、可靠性、鲁棒性等综合平衡的设计。本文旨在建立飞行器多学科不确定性设计理论，介绍解决飞行器多学科不确定性设计相关计算、组织和不确定性科学处理复杂性问题的方法和基本思想。     

考虑重心位置不确定性的无尾无人机优化设计

飞机的飞行性能与重心(CG)位置密切相关,尤其是后掠式无尾飞机的重心位置对其飞行性能影响更甚,如果重心位置发生变化,升力分布随之改变,进而影响飞机航时。针对这个问题,从气动布局和设计方法两方面,设计了一种航时对重心位置不敏感的无尾无人机(UAV)。气动布局上,提出了利用螺旋桨动力配平纵向力矩的鸥翼(GW)布局,以减小重心位置变化对升阻特性的影响;设计方法上,采用稳健性优化设计(RDO)理论,分析重心位置不确定时的航时低敏感度问题。以一架小型电动无人机为研究对象,建立了无尾无人机稳健性优化设计环境,包括总体设计、代理模型构造以及稳健性优化。分析结果表明:利用螺旋桨动力配平的鸥翼布局使重心可用范围增加了5%;静安定裕度在5%~15%变化时,该布局可以有效提高航时稳健性。采用稳健性优化得到的无人机几何参数,大幅度降低了重心位置对航时的影响,显著提升了满足约束的概率。     

湍流燃烧机理和调控的活性子空间分析方法

高效、低排放等需求促使发动机燃烧趋于近极限燃烧组织,亟需在稳定可控燃烧方面取得突破。湍流燃烧机理复杂,影响湍流燃烧数值模拟预测的物理化学和初始/边界条件参数众多。但是在该高维映射关系中,预测目标量往往仅在输入参数空间中的少数方向上梯度显著,称之为活跃方向。当活跃方向与空间基的方向不一致时,采用传统的全局敏感性方法难以高效地分析出主控参数以及后续的湍流燃烧机理。而活性子方法可以通过梯度的协方差矩阵特征分解得到上述活跃方向。本文综述了活性子空间方法理论及在湍流燃烧模拟中的应用：即探究海量输入参数空间中的活跃方向,构造低维活性子空间和低维响应面,从而高效地量化模拟不确定性、表征主控物理过程,从而揭示湍流燃烧机理。最后,进一步探讨了基于活性子空间分析方法的湍流燃烧调控。     

Influence of sensor and actuator errors on impulsive satellite formation control methods

This paper investigates how sensor and actuator errors are impacting formation control accuracy and propellant consumption of a two-satellite formation in a low Earth orbit. Realistic relative navigation errors are implemented, based on the results from the PRISMA mission, as well as realistic actuator uncertainty and actuator constraints. Two impulsive control methods are investigated. The first method is based on a controller that is implemented onboard PRISMA and the second method uses linear programming to arrive at a model predictive controller. The control methods are tested in a simulation environment and are subjected to orbital perturbations and realistic sensor errors and actuator errors. Both control methods are able to maintain the desired relative geometry of a projected circular orbit in the presence of the errors. The PRISMA control method demonstrates lower propellant consumption, while the model predictive controller shows better control accuracy. The results show that, based on the used scenario, sensor errors dominate both the formation control accuracy and propellant consumption. The versatility of the model predictive controller is demonstrated in a challenging formation control scenario including formation maintenance and formation reconfiguration tasks.     

环境小偏差条件下涡轴发动机轴功率及其不确定度计算方法

对涡轴发动机高空模拟试验性能处理方法作了研究,利用小偏差和传统的相似换算理论研究了涡轴发动机轴功率计算方法,推导出了环境模拟小偏差条件下的轴功率计算公式。试验结果表明:在小偏差条件下,该计算方法得到的误差比相似换算的误差低0.2%~0.6%。给出了小偏差条件下的换算轴功率公式和不确定度计算公式。该轴功率计算方法和不确定度计算方法可以为相关工程技术人员提供技术参考。      

直流电源输出端耦合的高频分量测试方法

针对直流电源输出直流电压中与变换器开关频率相同的高频交流电压分量的测量难题,介绍了一种基于数字示波器的测量方法,重点通过改善被测电源供电、示波器探头选择与连接、研究分析示波器操作设置等方式,解决了测量过程中受低频干扰和噪声影响而难以获得稳定高频交流电压波形或量值的问题,实现了高复现性的高频交流电压小信号测量,并对该方法的测量不确定度进行了分析与评定。     

Special issue introduction: Approaching spatial uncertainty visualization to support reasoning and decision making

While research on uncertainty and decision-making has a long history across several disciplines, recent technological developments compel researchers to rethink how to best address and advance the understanding of how humans reason and make decisions under spatial uncertainty. This introduction presents a visual summary graphic to provide an overview of each article in this special issue. Upon viewing these visual summaries, the reader will find that each of these articles covers different topics in the uncertainty visualization domain, offering complementary research in this field. Extending this body of research and finding new ways to explore how these visualizations may help or hinder the analytical and reasoning process of humans continues to be a necessary step towards designing more effective uncertainty visualizations to support reasoning and decision-making.     

Visually supported reasoning under uncertain conditions: Effects of domain expertise on air traffic risk assessment

This article investigates the impact that domain expertise has on risk assessment when analyzing uncertain geographical and sensor data. The differences between novice and expert air traffic operators were examined taking into account the performance of identifying and classifying threatening targets, the time needed to carry out such classifications, and the confidence reported for each decision. The results show that confidence was significantly higher for the expert group. This was supported by the after-test questionnaire because none of the novice participants reported being more confident with the visualizations of uncertainty provided. No significant differences regarding time and performance were found between the groups, even if experts needed, on average, more time to make a decision. Based on the collected logs, the experienced participants more often accessed the detailed information for each object presented by the tool tip. Both the time taken and the data accessed might indicate that experts had better situation awareness. Finally, the experts reported higher workload values related to performance.     

气液两相分层流剪切应力的不确定度分析

基于水平气液两相分层流的压力梯度、波状液层和气壁剪切应力实验数据,对两流体剪切应力进行不确定度计算,分析各不确定度分量对液壁和气液界面剪切应力结果的影响。由剪切应力可以直接计算分层流动量平衡方程的本构参数,对本构参数的关联作了合理的解释。气液界面剪切应力受液层高度和压力梯度的准确性影响较大,而液壁剪切应力却相反,和气液界面剪切应力最大程度相关。通过和实验数据对比发现,液壁摩擦因子无法像气壁摩擦因子那样可以用单相管流的指数型关系式来描述,而是应该结合气液界面摩擦因子建立一个基于两相各流体特征参数的有效关联式。