复杂测量系统中时间的系统误差测量方法

长距离的复杂测量系统中,由于传输通道不同,引入的传输延迟时间变化不同,导致原有时间关系的误差引入。介绍了几种可行的系统误差测量方法,以消除系统误差对信号间时间关系的影响,同时达到检验测试系统安排是否存在问题的目的。     

飞机V型外倾双垂尾载荷校准技术

根据垂尾载荷校准及建模需求,对飞机V型外倾双垂尾结构受载情况进行了分析和简化,确定了校准试验载荷,研制了垂尾载荷校准试验专用龙门梁架。采用液压协调加载技术,完成了外倾双垂尾载荷校准试验,建立了满足测载要求的载荷模型。此种方法充分利用了左右垂尾外倾、双垂尾之间空间较大的特点,对左右垂尾对称施加向外的单点、多点载荷,加载载荷侧向分量左右自平衡,垂向分量依靠飞机自身重量即可平衡,飞机不需要复杂的固定与约束。试验中采用先搭建龙门框架,再停放飞机的方法,降低了试验风险、加快了试验进度,取得了良好的试验结果,对其他此类结构的载荷校准具有一定的借鉴作用。     

航空维修人为差错理论分类和对比研究

通过对航空维修人为差错理论的梳理和比较，将航空界已形成的主要人为差错理论分成三类：个人学派、组织学派和系统学派．并对各理论的研究视角、特点、优点和局限性进行了归纳和对比。     

一种TASIMM-UKF导弹状态估计方法

为了提高对机动导弹状态估计的精度和速度,提出了一种三轴分离IMM-UKF(TASIMM-UKF)滤波算法。将导弹运动状态按坐标轴方向进行三轴分离,并基于CV,CA和CJ模型集,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器并行估计导弹三轴状态信息,有效地解决了导弹不同运动轴间的模型竞争问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高状态估计精度,缩短了估计时间,对复杂大机动目标状态估计具有良好的性能。     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

数值模拟方法对NASA CRM模型阻力预测的影响

在复杂工程外形的数值模拟中，网格类型、规模和分布、湍流模型、数值格式等都会不同程度影响模拟结果。如何评估这些模拟方法对模拟结果的影响，并识别对模拟结果影响较显著的因素，对于CFD的发展方向有积极的借鉴指导意义。为了综合研究不同因素对商用运输机外形阻力预测的影响，以AIAA第六届阻力预测会议外形NASA CRM为研究对象，同时考虑了网格、湍流模型、无黏通量格式和体心梯度求解方法等因素对阻力预测的影响。分析中采用枚举法和正交试验设计两种方法，并使用了基于聚类分析的定性敏感性分析方法和基于Mckay主影响分析的定量方法，识别出对阻力预测影响较大的因素，这为数值模拟方法的发展指明了方向。     

绳索断裂对二维二次太阳翼展开过程影响分析

为识别二维二次太阳翼关键环节和预示其在轨展开故障模式，开展不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼展开的影响程度分析。采用考虑绳索断裂的绳索联动轮力学模型，建立了适应于不同联动轮半径的联动轮受力模型，提出角度触发约束消除方法，解决了太阳翼第2次展开过程连续仿真问题，建立了太阳翼第2次展开动力学方程，分析了不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼各板展开角度、展开构型和其他绳索张力的影响。分析表明，越靠近星体的绳索联动机构失效对太阳翼展开过程的影响越大，其中连接架上绳索联动机构失效可直接导致二维二次太阳翼在轨展开失败。     

A novel surrogate modeling strategy of the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites

In this paper, a surrogate-based modeling methodology is developed and presented to predict the elastic properties of three dimensional (3D) four-directional braided composites. Using this approach, the prediction process becomes feasible with only a limited number of training points. The surrogate models constructed using Finite Element (FE) method and Diffuse Approximation, reduce the computational time and cost for preparing experimental samples. In the FE model, multiscale method is applied to couple the computations of elastic properties at microscale and mesoscale. Subsequently, a parametric study is performed to analyze the effects of the three design parameters on the elastic properties. Satisfactory results are obtained via the surrogate-based modeling predictions, which are compared with the experimental measurements. Moreover, the predictions obtained from surrogate models concur well with the FE predictions. This study orients a new direction for predicting the mechanical properties based on surrogate models which can effectively reduce the sample preparation cost and computational efforts.     

基于脑电功率谱密度的作业人员脑力负荷评估方法

脑力负荷状态的准确识别对减少因作业人员无效脑力负荷导致的人因事故具有重要意义。针对人-机系统中作业人员脑力负荷客观评估问题开展了基于MATB-Ⅱ平台的3种不同脑力负荷水平下的航空情境实验，记录16名被试的NASA任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）量表数据和脑电（EEG）信号，提出了一种基于脑电功率谱密度（PSD）和支持向量机（SVM）的个体脑力负荷评估方法。结果表明：随着实验设计脑力负荷水平增加，被试的主观脑力负荷得分显著提高（p<0.001），这表明该实验任务设计较好地诱发了低负荷、中负荷和高负荷情境。在此基础上，通过网格搜索法确定个体脑力负荷评估模型的统一优化参数，惩罚系数取3 000，核函数参数取0.000 1，模型测试正确率达到0.966 5±0.029 8，宏平均的受试者工作特征曲线下的面积（Macro-AUC）达到0.991 0±0.011 4。本文为作业人员脑力负荷状态的客观和准确评估提供了一种新的办法，为后期作业人员脑力负荷状态的实时判别提供模型基础。     

Application of improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm in tilt quad rotor

The Tilt Quad Rotor (TQR) has complex dynamics characteristics, especially in conversion mode. It is difficult to build the dynamic model of the TQR and the environmental factors have a great influence on it. To solve the problem of control in conversion mode of TQR, this paper carries out the design of the controller based on improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). According to the characteristics of flight in conversion mode, Tracking Differentiator (TD) with explicit model is used to solve the problem of multiple integrals when the system is high-order system. Extended State Observer (ESO) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used to estimate and compensate for internal and external uncertainties, and the adaptive sliding mode control in Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF) is used to improve the response speed of the controller and reduce the parameters which should be tuned. Through the flight control simulation of the TQR, the validity and rationality of the control system are verified.