面向测试性虚拟验证的功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型

 由于测试性预计和测试性试验验证客观存在的困难及问题,测试性虚拟验证将在测试性工程领域发挥重要作用.根据测试性虚拟验证对模型的需求,针对传统测试性模型存在的定量特征少、导致测试性评估结果不准确等问题,提出一种功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型.首先,分析并指出该一体化模型由功能、故障、行为、测试、环境5大类要素构成.然后,在数学上对该一体化模型及其子模型进行定义和描述,分析并建立各子模型之间的关联关系.最后以某导弹及其测试系统为案例进行实验和应用研究.结果表明,在建模信息量充足的情况下,基于该一体化模型得到的测试性虚拟试验验证与评估结果较准确,能较好地支持装备测试性摸底、鉴定与验收等.     

Space Flight Validation of Design and Engineering of the ZDPS-1A Pico-satellite

The ZDPS-1A pico-satellites are the first satellites in China within the 1-10 kg mass range that are successfully operated on orbit. Unlike common pico-satellites, they are designed to be "larger but stronger" with more powerful platforms and unique payloads so as to bear a better promise for real applications. Through their space flight mission, the functionality and performance of the two flight models are tested on orbit and validated to be mostly normal and in consistency with design and ground tests with only several inconforming occasions. Moreover, they have worked properly on orbit for one year so far, well exceeding their life expectancy of three months. Therefore, the space flight mission has reached all its goals, and verified that the design concept and the engineering process of the picosatellites are sufficient in allowing them the desired functionality and performance in, and the adaption to the launch procedure and the low-Earth orbit space environment. In the foreseeable future, the platform together with the design concept and the engineering process of the pico-satellites are expected to be applied to more complicated real space applications.     

基于AFDX的航空电子系统可调度性分析

航空电子全双工交换式以太网(AFDX,Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet)是新一代大型飞机机载网络的首选方案,构建其上的航空电子系统应保证强实时应用在时限内完成.针对现有AFDX实时性研究仅给出网络延迟上界的不足,综合考虑了任务的响应时间以及实时消息在AFDX网络中的传输延迟.建立了使用AFDX网络的航空电子系统模型,分析了分布式任务序列的整体时间需求.应用全局分析思想,给出任务序列的最坏情况响应时间,为系统实时性的评价和优化提供了理论依据.仿真结果表明该分析给出了紧凑的任务序列响应时间上界.     

宇航元器件应用验证系统工程研究

在调研国内外宇航元器件应用验证研究及工程实践的基础上,总结了我国宇航元器件应用验证的目标和特点,即以解决元器件宇航应用可用度评价并促进成熟应用为目标,具有多阶段、多领域、多目标、多任务和多参与方等特点。分析了应用验证的复杂性、层次性、整体性、环境适应性等复杂系统特性;在论证系统工程理论和方法指导宇航元器件应用验证研究适用性的基础上,建立了系统工程视角下的我国宇航元器件应用验证技术框架体系,凝练出一套集成的应用验证成果体系。应用验证工程实践表明,应用验证研究成果具备有效性和科学性,但仍需不断丰富和完善。     

航天器运输过程中诱发的动力学环境分析

文章综合评述了航天器在公路、铁路、船舶以及航空运输过程中所诱发的动力学环境的原因和特点。对某型号在公路运输和航空运输过程中振动数据的统计分析结果表明:在公路运输过程中,路面不平和车辆的突然加速是诱发振动、冲击的主要来源;在航空运输过程中,飞机起飞、降落以及飞行中的气流扰动而引起的颤振是动力学环境的主要诱因。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

航天器运输的力学数据采集、存储和分析方法

为了实时地监测及分析航天器运输过程中的力学环境,提出了使用移动数据记录仪实现数据的本地自动采集和存储方法,可对采集的海量数据自动批处理进行参数的时域及频域分析,分析后结果可直接反映与力学环境要求指标的符合性;另外,可将采集的GPS信号与力学数据匹配进行多维分析,以指导后续航天器同路线的运输。     

载人深空探测任务的空间环境工程关键问题

对载人深空探测过程中将遭受的太阳宇宙射线、银河宇宙射线、微重力、尘与尘暴、深空微生物等环境进行分析。对不同深空环境给航天员带来的威胁进行了探讨。从物理屏蔽防护、辐射风险的监测和预警、辐射防护药物、航天员选拨等角度对采取的措施进行了阐述。从空间辐射对航天员的损伤机理、抗辐射和微重力药物开发、空间辐射屏蔽防护结构与材料、航天服自清洁、抗微生物侵蚀材料的研发等多个角度对需要进一步开展的工作进行了讨论。     

基于工程约束的火星着陆区选择

火星着陆区选择是火星着陆及巡视任务的重要工作之一,着陆区选择需要兼顾科学目标和工程约束,考虑高风险的任务特点,火星着陆任务的工程约束更为重要。工程约束涉及着陆区表面特征、任务轨道、大气等。表面特征包括地理高程、斜坡及地形起伏、岩石分布、尘土厚度、光照、热约束情况。这些因素将影响探测器进入、下降和着陆(EDL)过程的安全性和火星车移动能力。首先针对这些工程约束进行了排序与筛选;然后建立了基于模糊算法的分析模型,通过模糊推理得到各着陆区域的评价指标,从而进行着陆区选择;最后基于ExoMars2020任务的备选着陆区进行了方法验证。     

某型航空发动机叶片逆向工程方法研究

以某航空发动机叶片为研究对象,结合叶片的曲面特征,使用三坐标测量机逆向工程采集点云数据;提出了适合于叶片曲面的最小二乘滤波降噪算法,应用滤波算法对点云数据进行降噪处理,并使用ImageWare软件完成数据的曲线曲面重构;最后从曲面质量和拟合精度两方面,分析和评价了叶片逆向工程的精度可靠性。