Numerical prediction and wind tunnel experiment for a pitching unmanned combat air vehicle

The low-speed flowfield for a generic unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted with the Boeing 1301 UCAV at a variety of angles of attack up to 70 degrees, both statically and with various frequencies of pitch oscillation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). In addition, pitching was performed about three longitudinal locations on the configuration (the nose, 35% MAC, and the tail). Solutions to the unsteady, laminar, compressible Navier–Stokes equations were obtained on an unstructured mesh to match results from the static and dynamic experiments. The computational results are compared with experimental results for both static and pitching cases. Details about the flowfield, including vortex formation and interaction, are shown and discussed, including the non-linear aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle.     

一种新型二元风洞侧壁干扰修正方法——当地修正法

针对现行总体型二元风洞侧壁干扰修正方法的不合理性，本文发展了一种新型修正方法——当地修正法，并就有关问题做了讨论。与目前的总体型方法相比，当地修正法致力于对模型当地流动参数的修正，而不是笼统地去调整试验条件。当地修正法有能力处理那些主要的侧壁边界层效应及相关问题，是未来开展侧壁干扰修正的一条有效途径。     

Propagation and interaction of interplanetary transient disturbances. Numerical simulations

We study the heliocentric evolution of ICME-like disturbances and their associated transient forward shocks (TFSs) propagating in the interplanetary (IP) medium comparing the solutions of a hydrodynamic (HD) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models using the ZEUS-3D code [Stone, J.M., Norman, M.L., 1992. Zeus-2d: a radiation magnetohydrodynamics code for astrophysical flows in two space dimensions. i – the hydrodynamic algorithms and tests. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 80, 753–790]. The simulations show that when a fast ICME and its associated IP shock propagate in the inner heliosphere they have an initial phase of about quasi-constant propagation speed (small deceleration) followed, after a critical distance (deflection point), by an exponential deceleration. By combining white light coronograph and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) measurements of ICMEs propagating within 1 AU [Manoharan, P.K., 2005. Evolution of coronal mass ejections in the inner heliosphere: a study using white-light and scintillation images. Solar Physics 235 (1–2), 345–368], such a critical distance and deceleration has already been inferred observationally. In addition, we also address the interaction between two ICME-like disturbances: a fast ICME 2 overtaking a previously launched slower ICME 1. After interaction, the leading ICME 1 accelerates and the tracking ICME 2 decelerates and both ICMEs tend to arrive at 1 AU having similar speeds. The 2-D HD and MHD models show similar qualitative results for the evolution and interaction of these disturbances in the IP medium.     

Interplanetary Physics Research in China:2006—2008

This brief report summarized the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2006—2007,made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international collaboration.The report covers all aspects of the interplanetary physics,including theoretical studies,numerical simulation and data analysis.     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.     

垭口地貌要素对风速分布规律影响的风洞试验研究

输电线路微地形气象灾害的调查研究显示,垭口地貌影响下的输电线路风偏闪络事故多发。鉴于垭口地貌不同位置处的风剖面分布规律尚不明确,借助风洞试验,研究了垭口地貌的山丘坡度、谷口宽度等地貌要素对山谷及山脊中轴线上风速分布规律的影响。风洞试验结果表明：与平地风速相比,山谷中轴线及山丘峰顶处风速的最大加速幅度分别达到了33％和53％,明显大于规范规定的10％,容易造成垭口区域内输电线路风偏闪络或倒塔;山谷中轴线风速修正系数随两侧山丘坡度增加而增加,随谷口宽度增加而减小,提出了符合这一规律的计算公式;山谷中轴线上,下风侧风速加速效应略强于上风侧;垭口两侧山丘山顶处风速未受垭口地貌影响,风洞试验测得风速修正系数与单体山丘拟合公式的计算结果基本一致;设计时可统一偏于保守地取用山丘顶部的风速修正系数对平地风速予以修正。     

大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计

大型边界层风洞是开展风工程研究的必备装备。以浙江大学ZD-1边界层风洞的研制为背景,详细介绍了大型回流边界层风洞气动设计和立式结构设计中的关键问题,在风洞气动设计时采用了收缩比为4∶1的单回路单试验段气动轮廓,在试验段中设置了0．22°的当量扩散角,对拐角导流片外形作了特殊处理,并采用钢结构与混凝土结构相结合的立式结构。流场校验结果表明,大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计能满足设计要求,某些指标甚至达到航空风洞的标准,在试验段中设置扩散角有利于降低轴向静压梯度,立式结构设计对提高试验段气流的水平均匀性有一定的作用,可为今后类似风洞的研制提供参考。     

飞机冲压空气涡轮系统的动态特性分析

冲压空气涡轮是飞机能源失效时使用的关键应急系统。首先依据冲击空气涡轮（RAT）工作原理确定其物理架构；然后对涡轮部件、能源转换装置、展开装置和展开随动机构等4个主要部件进行力学分析，建立各部件的力学方程组。依据该力学方程组，建立涉及力学、液压、刚体动力学的多学科冲压空气涡轮系统模型。使用该模型仿真了某真实系统在不同工况和设计参数下的动态特性，研究了关键设计参数对系统性能的影响，为冲压空气涡轮系统正向设计提供依据。最终，某型冲压空气涡轮系统风洞试验数据验证了所提系统模型的准确性。     

多加速度计振动分离惯性补偿测力技术

为解决在高超声速脉冲风洞中进行大长细比等特殊模型测力实验所面临的惯性补偿问题,笔者提出了多加速度计振动分离惯性补偿方法。这一方法应用在长细比达20 :1 的模型气动力实验中,得到了较为理想的实验结果     

风洞模型投放试验轻模型法重力效应影响

风洞模型投放试验是研究超声速机弹分离问题的一种有效手段，相似参数的选取是影响试验准度的关键因素。有初始弹射速度的超声速机弹分离研究中，通常采用"轻模型法"得到模型的运动学及动力学相似参数，但该相似参数中模型重力模拟不足。为了研究重力效应对投放试验结果的影响，采用CTS试验技术对全尺寸真实参数与缩比尺寸轻模型法相似参数条件下得到的结果进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：在载弹与载机分离过程中，载弹位姿相互耦合，垂直下落位移的快慢会影响载弹姿态角的变化；轻模型法相似参数条件下，载弹垂直下落位移较慢，虚拟重力的修正方法只能近似修正下落位移，不能对导弹姿态角进行修正，而姿态角会影响下落的位移；机弹分离安全性方面，轻模型法相似参数条件下的试验结果较真实参数偏危险。