Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

Thermal-structural analysis of regenerativelycooled thrust chamber wall in reusable LOX/Methane rocket engines

To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Struc tural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter γ3 =0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when γ3 ＞ 0.The results of sen sitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.     

液体火箭发动机充液导管流固耦合动力学特性

为了深入研究流固耦合（FSI）作用对液体火箭发动机充液导管频率特性的影响,采用传递矩阵法(TMM)建立了空间导管流固耦合动力学计算模型.针对真实发动机导管开展了传递矩阵模型与传统基于附加质量的有限元(FEM)（非耦合）模型仿真计算以及模态试验验证,比较了管径、壁厚等结构参数对导管流固耦合作用的影响.结果表明:在流固耦合作用下,导管各阶谐振频率减小、而对应的流体振荡与结构振动幅值增大.管径对导管低阶频率特性的影响较壁厚对其影响更大.对于该算例,当管径大于设计值30%后,耦合作用引起的1阶频率误差高于10%,此时流固耦合不能忽略;而壁厚对1阶谐振频率的影响则小于8%.      

民机研制系统工程若干基本概念的哲学思考

出于自主创新的需要,国内航空工业界已逐渐认识到系统工程方法在民机研制中的重要性。因此,越来越多的民机企业开始采用国际权威的《民用飞机与系统研制指南(SAE ARP 4754A)》来进行民机型号的研制,以确保民机型号研制过程能满足适航审查的要求。然而,由于这一指南中的一些基本概念不够清晰、逻辑也不严密,使得国内民机工程师难以准确把握系统工程的本质,进而导致他们实施系统工程方法时面临着很大的困难。从科学哲学、设计哲学等与民机研制紧密相关的学科出发,对民机研制系统工程中的若干基本概念进行了剖析,并在此基础上提出了一组更加清晰的系统工程概念(即行为、作用、功能、需求、要求等),以方便民机工程师能更好地理解系统工程方法的本质,并能在民机型号研制过程中进行应用。     

微细丝上气泡射流间的相互作用特性

实验考察微细加热丝上气泡射流间的相互作用现象,发现相邻气泡射流间的相互吸引现象,强相互作用时多股射流可以合并成一股射流.分析揭示出气泡射流间相互吸引的物理机制在于,气泡生长造成局部温度下降导致相邻气泡两侧的热毛细力不均衡,进而引起两个气泡射流间的相互吸引,而相邻气泡则有互相远离的趋势.利用数值模拟给出了气泡射流系统的温度场和流场,很好地验证气泡射流间相互吸引的物理机制.      

民机数字档案馆的建设探索

民用飞机研发项目是国家重大专项之一,采用了先进的全数字化设计技术。其主制造商-供应商的研发模式对档案管理工作提出了新的要求,有必要建立民机数字档案馆以满足大量电子文件的管理需要和跨地区协同工作对档案利用的需求。对民机数字档案馆的基本架构及构建方式进行了探讨。     

7050铝合金喷水淬火参数对表面换热系数的影响

设计了喷射压强(p)与喷射表面流量密度(qs)作为独立参数的7050铝合金末端喷水淬火实验,研究了p,qs和喷嘴大小(d)对喷水表面换热系数的影响。结果表明,表面换热系数在喷射端面温度为100～150℃时具有最大值(hmax),hmax波动范围为20000～50000 W·m-2·℃-1;建立了反映p和qs影响换热系数规律的hmax-p-qs三维关系图;采用喷射表面面积与喷嘴面积的比值k反映喷嘴大小对换热系数的影响,建立了hmax-k-qs三维关系图;hmax-p-qs和hmax-k-qs关系图能为喷水淬火参数(p,qs,k等)设计提供参考。     

含湿气流单缝冲击冷却数值模拟

对饱和湿空气夹带液滴的含湿气流单缝冲击冷却进行了数值模拟,比较研究了含湿气流中液滴相变换热/液滴载量比和单缝射流几何参数对强化换热效果的影响,研究发现:气流中液滴的加入对冷却效果的影响十分显著,热流密度为8000W/m2的条件下,空气中注入5%的液滴会比饱和湿空气对驻点区的冷却效果提高90%,当液滴载量比从1%提高到5%,冲击驻点区局部传热系数提高了32%;而合适的缝宽和冲击高度也是影响冷却效果的重要因素,在该条件下冲击高度与缝宽的比值为4.55时冲击冷却效果最佳.      

参数曲线形状修改

提出一种新的、基于余弦伸缩函数、针对参数曲线的形状修改与变形方法。首先定义了特殊的伸缩函数 ,在此基础上构造了形状算子矩阵 ,其次将该矩阵与伸缩中心及主方向结合构造出两种变形矩阵 ,最后用变形矩阵去乘待变形曲线在局部坐标系下的位置向量 ,或用它乘以给定向量场再加待变形曲线在原坐标系下的位置向量从而产生变形效果。伸缩函数含有若干可变参数 ,每个参数可产生不同的形状修改效果 ,比如控制被修改部分与未修改部分间的连续阶 ,容易得到理想的变形效果。理论分析实例表明该方法在几何造型 ,计算机图形学等领域有潜在适用性。