前缘水平投影可控的乘波体设计方法研究

结合流线追踪技术和密切面混合函数提出了一种前缘水平投影可控的乘波体设计方法,并完成了前缘水平投影为超椭圆的乘波体(Waverider-F)和超椭圆前缘转超椭圆后缘的乘波体(Waverider-FT)设计。二者具有较高的容积效率,前缘对应的轴向投影近似为余弦曲线。通过数值仿真验证了设计方法的有效性,设计点时Waverider-F的乘波特性良好且保持了基准流场的特点,Waverider-FT前部完全乘波,后部两侧诱导激波使流场变形且形成高压区,接力点时二者的乘波特性也较好。另外,二者具有较高的升阻比和预压缩效率,设计点时无粘升阻比分别为3.46和2.88。与Waverider-F相比,Waverider-FT的升力、阻力和出口增压比都明显增加,而升阻比、俯仰力矩和出口总压恢复系数降低。有粘条件下,设计点的升阻比由2.91降为2.41,对应的出口总压恢复系数降低了5.8%。     

预追踪法在搭建RCS计算平台中的应用

 介绍综合不同RCS贡献机理的计算平台的搭建方法。针对射线追踪法的计算量是这类RCS计算平台计算效率的瓶颈这一现状,提出仅对多次散射区采用射线追踪计算来减小计算量的方法。给出一种通过粗略的射线追踪来确定多次散射区的方法,并用该方法获得任意目标的散射分布图。对预追踪法在RCS平台的搭建中的应用方式进行探讨,并预测效果。通过具体的计算实例验证预追踪法的效果,并给出几类典型目标的多次散射区比例系数,可供采用预追踪法时参考。计算结果表明,在不改变计算精度的条件下,预追踪法可以将RCS计算平台中射线追踪部分的计算量减少到原来的1/3以下。对散射分布的可能应用做出展望,可以作为后续工作的指导。     

Ionospheric differential error determination using ray tracing for a short baseline

Since the United States government discontinued Selective Availability (SA) on 1 May 2000, ionospheric effects have been responsible for the largest errors in GPS systems. The standard Differential GPS (DGPS) method is incapable of completely eliminating the ionospheric error. This paper describes a new approach to determine the differential ionospheric error between geographically distributed receiver stations. The ray paths of GPS signals were simulated using a modified Jones 3D ray tracing programme that includes the effect of the geomagnetic field. A Nelder–Mead optimisation algorithm was embedded in the program to precisely determine the satellite-to-station path. A realistic ionospheric model is essential for accurate ray tracing results and for estimates of differential error that are accurate on sub-centimetre scales. Here, the ionospheric model used in the ray tracing programme was developed by fitting realistic ionosphere profiles with a number of exponential functions. Results were compared to the theoretical approach. Results show that the differential delay is about 1–5 cm at low elevation angles for a short baseline of 10 km, as reported in other literature. This delay is often neglected in DGPS application. The differential delay also shows a pattern similar to that predicted by the Klobuchar model. The method proposed here can be used to improve future GPS applications.     

磁扰期间的三维漂移壳分离

基于磁层粒子动力学理论,首先对比了计算漂移壳分离的引导中心法和磁力线追踪法,计算表明两种方法的计算结果一致.然后分别采用T89c和T96磁层磁场模式,用磁力线追踪法数值计算了不同初始位置(≤9Re)、不同初始投掷角、不同Kp指数和不同太阳风压力下,带电粒子的漂移壳分离.计算结果揭示了漂移壳分离随初始位置、投掷角、Kp指数和太阳风压力的变化.其具体特征如下. (1)随着径向距离的增大,漂移壳分离效应愈加显著,由正午出发的粒子将被稳定捕获,而午夜出发的径向距离≥7Re的部分大投掷角粒子将沿磁层顶逃逸. (2)正午出发的粒子,漂移到午夜时其漂移壳随投掷角减小向外排列;午夜出发的粒子,漂移到正午时其漂移壳随投掷角增大排列; 90°投掷角粒子在磁赤道面的漂移壳沿着磁场等值线排列. (3)漂移壳分离随Kp指数和太阳风压力增大变得显著,且随这两种扰动参数的变化特征和趋势是基本相似的.      

A method to test HF ray tracing algorithm in the ionosphere by means of the virtual time delay

It is well known that a 3D ray tracing algorithm furnishes the ray’s coordinates, the three components of the wave vector and the calculated group time delay of the wave along the path. The latter quantity can be compared with the measured group time delay to check the performance of the algorithm. Simulating a perfect reflector at an altitude equal to the virtual height of reflection, the virtual time delay is assumed as a real time delay. For a monotonic electronic density profile we find a very small relative difference between the calculated and the virtual delay for both analytic and numerical 3D electronic density models.     

Studying characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances using U-shaped traces on vertical incidence ionograms

This paper presents a case study when due to the descending additional U-shaped trace on vertical incidence ionograms, increased critical frequency stabilizes. This corresponds to an ionospheric disturbance that moves toward the ionosonde and then stays overhead.Within a 2D model, traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are superimposed on the inverted background ionosphere. So ray tracing is used to obtain propagation paths through non-stratified ionosphere thus synthesizing the disturbed ionogram traces. Investigated are changes in the cusp shape caused by varying TID parameters. A cusp-fitting method to determine the TID amplitude, spatial scale, and horizontal drift velocity are shown.     

Research on the disturbance of ballistic missile to ionosphere by using 3D ray tracing method

This study uses the 3D ray tracing to analyse ionospheric disturbance generated by a ballistic missile plume (which was simulated in our previous work). Ray tracing results show that the 6 MHz radio waves are completely reflected by the ionosphere and cannot reach the ionospheric disturbance zone. The 8 MHz radio waves partially penetrate the ionospheric disturbance zone, producing a focusing effect. Most of the 10 MHz radio waves pass through the ionosphere and the disturbance zone. The focusing effect and focus height are reduced. In the height range 65̃400 km, the ray absorption loss of reflection is greater than the transmitted ray. When the ray is reflected multiple times in the cavity formed by the plume, ray absorption loss greatly increases.     

星敏感器光学系统的热/结构/光分析

星敏感器是高精度的航天器姿态测量器件,其性能受太空温度环境的影响。运用有限元法和光线追迹法,建立星敏感器光学系统的热/结构/光分析模型,研究光学系统温度分布与星敏感器测量误差的关系,得到了算例光学系统在温度均匀分布条件下的温度变化以及轴向温度梯度变化、侧向温度梯度变化与星敏感器测量误差的关系曲线;给出了算例光学系统热误差小于角秒量级的温度条件:均匀温度分布条件下温度变化量≤10℃、轴向温度梯度≤0.1310℃/mm、侧向温度梯度≤0.0325℃/mm,为高精度星敏感器光学系统热控制提供科学的依据。     

粗糙衰减因子在电磁波蒸发波导传播中的应用

为了研究电磁波在蒸发波导中的传播问题,结合我国海域蒸发波导实际情况,推算出其最大陷获角,仿真分析了Miller-Brown粗糙衰减因子随风速和电磁波传播方向与海面夹角的变化关系。运用射线描迹法进行仿真实验,结果表明:只要已知蒸发波导高度,就可得到海面粗糙衰减因子与风速的直接关系。采用高斯拟合模型,给出粗糙衰减因子的简化表达式,解决了模型中Bessel函数展开形式复杂、求解困难的问题,有利于快速获得海面粗糙状况,对分析粗糙海面对电磁波传输衰减影响有借鉴意义。     

基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源

 针对叶片加工过程中质量精度不高的问题,提出了基于动态Bayesian网络的叶片加工质量监控与溯源方法.利用动态Bayesian网络建立起叶片加工工序间的相互联系,实现对整个加工过程的控制.基于Bayesian网络对影响加工工序的因素集建立因果联系,采用多元统计过程控制中的T²控制图完成对各工序影响因素集的监控.进行误差溯源时,根据Bayesian网络建立的因果关系对失控样本的T²统计量依据原因变量进行误差分解,并构建各分解变量的控制限,将其作为误差源判定的条件.通过对某叶片加工过程的仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性.