Hybrid integration method for highly maneuvering radar target detection based on a Markov motion model

To detect highly maneuvering radar targets in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, a hybrid long-time integration method is proposed, which combines Radon-Fourier Transform (RFT), Dynamic Programming (DP), and Binary Integration (BI), named RFT-DP-BI. A Markov model with unified range-velocity quantification is formulated to describe the maneuvering target’s motion. Based on this model, long-time hybrid integration is performed. Firstly, the whole integration time is divided into multiple time segments and coherent integration is performed in each segment via RFT. Secondly, non-coherent integration is performed in all segments via DP. Thirdly, 2/4 binary integration is performed to further improve the detection performance. Finally, the detection results are exported together with target range and velocity trajectories. The proposed method can perform the long-time integration of highly maneuvering targets with arbitrary forms of motion. Additionally, it has a low computational cost that is linear to the integration time. Both simulated and real radar data demonstrate that it offers good detection and estimation performances.     

双框架飞机蒙皮检测机器人切换运动控制方法

针对一种双框架飞机蒙皮检测机器人,通过分析该机器人在飞机表面上的受力情况,在飞机表面该机器人受到了非完整约束,基于牛顿-欧拉法建立了机器人非完整约束动力学模型。根据机器人机械结构和运动步态分析,将该非完整机器人系统分为子系统A和子系统B。为了实现机器人在飞机表面运动,采用反演技术和快速Terminal滑模控制相结合的思想对系统设计了控制器,提出了一种反演-滑模控制方法;对于非完整机器人子系统A和子系统B,设计了一种基于事件驱动的切换策略,实现了机器人对期望轨迹的全局渐近跟踪,并利用Lyapunov稳定性证明系统的跟踪误差收敛。仿真和试验表明,采用该切换策略和反演-滑模控制方法,双框架飞机蒙皮检测机器人可以在飞机表面自由运动并进行损伤检测,具有良好的可靠性和稳定性。     

Multi-mode diagnosis of a gas turbine engine using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy system

Gas Turbine Engines (GTEs) are vastly used for generation of mechanical power in a wide range of applications from airplane propulsion systems to stationary power plants. The gas-path components of a GTE are exposed to harsh operating and ambient conditions, leading to several degradation mechanisms. Because GTE components are mostly inaccessible for direct measurements and their degradation levels must be inferred from the measurements of accessible parameters, it is a challenge to acquire reliable information on the degradation conditions of the parts in different fault modes. In this work, a data-driven fault detection and degradation estimation scheme is developed for GTE diagnostics based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). To verify the performance and accuracy of the developed diagnostic framework on GTE data, an ensemble of measurable gas path parameters has been generated by a high-fidelity GTE model under (a) diverse ambient conditions and control settings, (b) every possible combination of degradation symptoms, and (c) a broad range of signal to noise ratios. The results prove the competency of the developed framework in fault diagnostics and reveal the sensitivity of diagnostic results to measurement noise for different degradation symptoms.     

硅半球深腔结构无损检测技术

半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一，及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程，是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大，台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长，且属于破坏性的样本检测，效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具，利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上，通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌，即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证，脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息，测量结果的不确定度小于5‰，有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。     

动平台条件下基于全站仪的标校技术

舰船靠泊码头进行起降引导系统标校时,甲板处于晃动状态,架设在甲板上的全站仪无法满足置平要求,针对这一问题进行了动平台条件下基于全站仪的标校技术研究。首先,建立全站仪测量数学模型,以全站仪在动态条件下的测量数据为基础,将测量数据经空间几何运算后求得任意两目标点在甲板固连坐标系下的相对位置;其次,根据空间物体几何不变的性质,设计实验进行不同倾斜条件下的全站仪数据测量和相对位置偏差求解;最后,通过仿真分析了测量误差对相对位置平均偏差的影响。结果表明,全站仪在动平台条件下其测距、测角精度能满足标校要求。     

存在外部干扰的网络控制系统故障检测和优化

针对存在时延和丢包的网络控制系统,研究了系统的故障检测滤波器设计和优化设计问题.通过泰勒展开将未知时延处理成外界干扰,采用伯努利随机过程来描述丢包现象.设计观测器产生残差信号,将故障检测问题转化为H∞滤波问题.通过Lyapunov函数方法分析了系统的稳定性.以线性矩阵不等式的形式给出了滤波器存在的充分条件和求解方法.为进一步提高系统对故障信号的灵敏度,采用了一种优化设计方法对故障检测系统进行了优化.最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

展向振荡对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响

周期振荡作为一种有效的壁面流动控制手段受到广泛关注,而其对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响目前鲜有研究。本文采用高精度直接数值模拟（DNS）方法对马赫数2.9、12°激波入射角、强振荡下的激波/湍流边界层干扰进行了系统研究。通过与无振荡工况的定量比较,揭示了展向强振荡对干扰区内复杂流动结构的影响规律及作用机制,如分离泡尺度、物面压力脉动非定常特性、物面剪切的非定常特性及统计特征等。研究发现：在展向强振荡作用下,分离点位置提前,间歇区长度增大;同时由于分离泡内强黏性耗散的影响,展向振荡的穿透高度约为分离泡高度的4%,因而对流动结构不会产生实质影响。但展向强振荡会对壁面附近流动造成显著影响,如强振荡诱导的壁面展向速度远大于流向速度,造成流向剪切与展向剪切之间夹角的概率密度函数峰值从0°偏移到80°~90°之间。物面压力及剪切本征正交分解分析表明,展向振荡会导致模态能量从低阶模态向高阶模态转移,降低低频运动的能量占比,增强再附后Görtler涡等壁面附近旋涡结构的强度。