人机交互风格及其发展趋势

人机交互的风格经历了命令界面、图形界面、多媒体界面等主要发展阶段，目前正向虚拟现实技术和多通道用户界面的方向发展。本文简要回顾人机交互技术的历史，并进而探讨什么是理想、自然的人机交互模式。     

航空维修训练模拟系统关键技术研究

针对当前模拟训练在我军航空维修领域应用还不成熟,模拟系统仿真逼真度和可信度不高的问题,通过分析航空维修训练模拟系统国内外发展现状,并通过对我国相关科研机构进行实地调研考察,总结出了目前航空维修领域较典型的几种模拟系统构建方式,给出了各种构建方式的优缺点及各自的典型代表,归纳出了航空维修训练模拟系统实现的关键技术途径以及每种技术途径研究的重点、难点,给出了我军航空维修训练模拟系统未来应重点努力发展的方向.     

Effect of flexibility on unsteady aerodynamics forces of a purely plunging airfoil

Introducing flexibility into the design of a vertically flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. As less previous studies on the aerodynamics of vertically flapping flexible wings focused on the lift generated in a wide range of angle of attack·a 2D numerical simulation of a purely plunging flexible airfoil is employed using a loose fluid–structure interaction method. The aerodynamics of a fully flexible airfoil are firstly studied with the flexibility and angle of attack. To verify whether an airfoil could get aerodynamic benefit from the change in structure, partially flexible airfoil with rigid leading edge and flexible trailing edge were further considered. Results show that flexibility could always reduce airfoil drag while lift and lift efficiency both peak at moderate flexibility. When freestream velocity is constant, lift is maximized at a high angle of attack about 40° while this optimal angle of attack reduces to 15° in drag-balanced status. The airfoil drag reduction, lift augmentation as well as efficiency enhancement mainly attribute to the passive pitching other than the camber deformation. Partially deformed airfoil with the longest length of moderate flexible trailing edge can achieve the highest lift. This study may provide some guidance in the wing design of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV).     

Investigation of Vortex Interaction in Canard-FSW Configurations Based on the Numerical Wind Tunnel Method

The vortex interference mechanism on low Reynolds number between the canard and main wing of the canard-forward sweep wing (Canard-FSW) configurations is simulated numerically by employing the numerical wind tunnel method. The variations of aerodynamic characteristics of Canard-FSW configurations with different positions of the canard are investigated, finding that the aerodynamic interference and mutual coupling effect between the canard and main wing have made great contributions to the lift and stability characteristics of the whole aircraft. Canard can radically improve the surface flow pattern of the main wing. And its own vortex can have a favorable interference on the main wing and can effectively control the airflow boundary layer separation. At small angles of attack, the aerodynamic characteristics are sensitive to the positions of the canard and the main wing, but at high angles of attack, the aerodynamic performances of the configuration are not only related to the shape of the canard (forward or backward), but also with the size of control force as well as the features of the vortices generated above the main wing and the canard. The different configurations and vortices are illustrated using the velocity vector, streamlines and pressure contours.     

导弹静水模态的ANSYS有限元分析

为研究导弹潜航时的自振特性，采用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了适合浸没圆柱壳的有限元模型，用ANSYS结构模态分析的非对称法分析了导弹结构的静水模态。结果显示静水模态的固有频率比干模态有较大下降，振型类似；尾舵和水深对模态的影响不大。     

矩方法及其在水凝结研究中的应用与发展

矩方法(Method of Moments,MOM),又可以称作内部坐标矩方法,通过求解液滴尺寸分布函数对内部坐标的各阶矩的输运方程,反映粒子数量及尺寸分布的演化。在各种有关伴随凝结流动的数值方法中,矩方法兼顾了计算效率和液滴分布信息,因此被广泛应用于水凝结的研究。本文首先介绍了经典矩方法,综述了矩方法的最新发展。然后应用经典凝结矩方法,研究了伴随同质凝结的Prandtl-Meyer膨胀流动问题,计算发现随着来流水蒸气饱和度的提高,凝结诱导的激波由定常状态向非定常状态转变,出现自激振荡现象;进一步,将经典凝结矩方法推广到异质凝结领域。通过引入"瞬间活化"假设,简化了异质成核模型,将此方法应用到伴随异质凝结的激波管问题中,进行了参数研究,加深了对异质凝结和流动相互作用的认识;最后针对经典矩方法无法处理相间相互作用的问题,将经典矩方法中的矩方程改写为基于液相平均速度的形式,发展了一套考虑相间质量、动量、能量交换的矩方法,应用此方法研究了伴随同质凝结的旋涡运动问题,分析了旋涡中凝结的产生过程,以及凝结与流动相互作用对液相分布的影响,计算结果显示了凝结生成的液滴在离心力作用下离开旋涡中心的现象。     

吸气式飞行器进气道唇口三维激波/激波干扰

对吸气式飞行器进气道唇口处三维曲面激波/弓形激波干扰流场进行数值模拟,利用典型三维气动干扰试验对采用的数值计算方法进行验证。利用拼接网格技术及逆距离加权插值方法获得入口处流场的非守恒变量,作为激波干扰研究的入口边界条件。数值模拟表明,唇口处激波干扰流动的三维效应十分显著,曲面激波与弓形激波产生斜交,尽管唇口前缘半径很小,但Edney提出的6类激波干扰类型可能沿唇口展向方向同时存在;第Ⅲ和Ⅳ类激波/激波干扰的诱导使得唇口热流分布异常严酷;激波相交处形成斜向“伤疤”状局部高热流条带,峰值热流达到参考热流的4~6倍,可能引起唇口结构的局部烧蚀或破坏。      

共轴双旋翼非定常流场干扰特性

直升机共轴双旋翼相遇过程的非定常气动干扰在其周期性干扰中最为强烈。为了研究该过程中的干扰特征,建立了一个基于非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的气动干扰数值方法,双旋翼的反转运动采用运动嵌套网格进行模拟。为了探究双旋翼相遇时的气动干扰机理,以两个相对运动的双翼型系统来模拟双旋翼特定展向截面的非定常相遇过程。分析了双旋翼和双翼型相遇时的气动特性和流场特征,并对双翼型系统进行了参数影响研究,结果表明:双旋翼上下桨叶相遇时,上下旋翼拉力均会出现先增后减的变化趋势且波动幅值分别为其对应总拉力的30%和22%,双翼型系统的升力波动趋势与之相似;间距增大使上下翼型间的气动干扰减小,且上下翼型升力波动对间距变化的敏感时间不同;翼型相对厚度增大使双翼型升力波动幅值增大,并出现二次波动;有附加来流时,相对来流速度较小的翼型升力波动的幅值与范围更大。      

航空发动机管路流固耦合振动的固有频率分析

为研究流体哥氏力和管路参数等因素对航空发动机管路固有振动频率的影响规律,采用Galerkin方法建立了管路流固耦合数学模型,并通过复特征值分析得到了系统的固有频率。通过将采用Galerkin方法的计算结果与试验测试数据进行比较,验证了Galerkin方法的正确性;给出了试验管路的临界流速,并研究了流体哥氏力和管路截面尺寸对系统固有频率的影响。结果表明:试验燃油管路实际流速远小于发生屈曲失稳的临界流速;哥氏力对不锈钢和钛合金2种管材燃油管路固有频率的影响很小;相同壁厚管路,外径越小,流固耦合对固有频率的影响越大。