The Earth’s Magnetopause: Reconstruction of Motion and Structure

The Earth’s magnetosphere is an accessible region for improving our knowledge of the dynamics of collisionless plasmas. We focus here on the magnetopause a typical plasma discontinuity. We discuss recent developments in describing the structure of the magnetopause by means of reconstruction techniques, which translate in situ data into spatial information. We review short- and long-duration reconstruction methods and discuss the ideas behind them. The emphasis is on long-duration reconstruction methods in a multi-spacecraft context.     

Numerical simulation and transonic wind-tunnel test for elastic thin-shell structure considering fluid–structure interaction

Aerodynamic force can lead to the strong structural vibration of flying aircraft at a high speed. This harmful vibration can bring damage or failure to the electronic equipment fixed in aircraft. It is necessary to predict the structural dynamic response in the design course. This paper presents a new numerical algorithm and scheme to solve the structural dynamics responses when considering fluid–structure interaction(FSI). Numerical simulation for a free-flying structural model in transonic speed is completed. Results show that the small elastic deformation of the structure can greatly affect the FSI. The FSI vibration tests are carried out in a transonic speed windtunnel for checking numerical theory and algorithms, and the wind-tunnel test results well accord with that of the numerical simulation. This indicates that the presented numerical method can be applied to predicting the structural dynamics responses when containing the FSI.     

基于VTK的激光跟踪测量可视化软件设计

测量数据的三维可视化是激光跟踪测量数据处理的关键步骤之一。结合大型激光跟踪测量软件系统的开发实践,对VTK技术特点和体系结构进行深入研究,设计实现了对测量数据进行处理和显示的类和接口。在此基础上,基于Microsoft Visual Studio 2010平台,利用C++和VTK技术开发了一款三维测量数据处理及可视化软件,实现了测量点云拟合、三维图形显示以及交互功能,并通过实例验证了软件的有效性和可用性,证明了VTK在工业测量可视化领域具有很大的应用价值。     

Stratosphere-mesosphere coupling during stratospheric sudden warming events

In this review article we summarize recent results in the coupling of the stratosphere–mesosphere during stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events. We focus on the role of planetary and gravity waves in driving the middle atmosphere circulation and illustrate the stratosphere–mesosphere coupling during undisturbed wintertime circulation, during an SSW event, and after an SSW event during the formation of an elevated stratopause using simulations of past Arctic and Antarctic winters from the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM). We illustrate the transition of the polar stratopause from being a gravity wave driven phenomena to a planetary wave driven phenomena during SSW events and its subsequent reestablishment and control by gravity waves. We also examine the synoptic structure of the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere using SD-WACCM data fields that show the structure of the vortex during specific dynamical events in both hemispheres. We illustrate the longitudinal asymmetry in the thermal structure in the stratosphere and mesosphere driven by differences in circulation over the polar cap regions during an SSW event. We complement this analysis of the middle atmosphere circulation with a classification of both the Arctic and Antarctic winters since 1979 into major, minor, elevated stratopause or quiet winters based on the level of disturbance using the Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data. From the MERRA data we find that the combined occurrences of both major and minor warmings in the Arctic have remained constant over the past three decades while we find a minor increase in their occurrences in the Antarctic.     

风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅱ:数值验证

作为风扇出口导向叶片（Outlet Guide Vanes，OGV）低噪声设计系列文章的第2篇，本文对气动/声学一体化设计获得的2个OGV低噪声方案的降噪效果进行了数值验证。为了对低噪声优化方案的降噪效果进行详细评估，首先，采用非线性谐波法对优化前后的风扇/增压级开展了数值仿真，对OGV不同截面和叶片表面脉动压力进行了对比分析，发现低噪声优化设计方案有效降低了转/静干涉引起的脉动压力；然后，通过掠形和倾斜的合理组合，改变了叶片表面的相位分布，沿径向的相位变化增加了OGV对尾迹响应相互抵消的机会，从而有利于噪声的降低；最后，采用Wilson的波分解方法开展了对各方案的模态分析，对降噪效果进行了量化评估。结果显示，优化后的低噪声方案除起飞状态1BPF外，降噪量均超过了5 dB。     

Solar Energetic Particle Charge States: An Overview

The ionic charge distributions of solar energetic particles (SEP) as observed in interplanetary space provide fundamental information about the origin of these particles, and the acceleration and propagation processes at the Sun and in interplanetary space. In this paper we review the measurements of ionic charge states of energetic particles in interplanetary space and discuss their implication for our understanding of SEP sources, and acceleration and propagation processes.     

Energization of Plasma Species by Intermittent Kinetic Alfvén Waves

We propose a new phase-mixing sweep model of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration based on dissipative properties of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs). The energy reservoir is provided by the intermittent ∼1 Hz MHD Alfvén waves excited at the coronal base by magnetic restructuring. These waves propagate upward along open magnetic field lines, phase-mix, and gradually develop short wavelengths across the magnetic field. Eventually, at 1.5–4 solar radii they are transformed into KAWs. We analyze several basic mechanisms for anisotropic energization of plasma species by KAWs and find them compatible with observations. In particular, UVCS (onboard SOHO) observations of intense cross-field ion energization at 1.5–4 solar radii can be naturally explained by non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the vicinity of demagnetizing KAW phases. The ion cyclotron motion is destroyed there by electric and magnetic fields of KAWs.     

引力相互作用的三个类型与总星系的泡沫结构

本研究试图表明,如将与宇宙常数有关的真空能考虑在内,就可利用牛顿力学的数学框架,将引力相互作用分为三个类型和两种表现如下:物质对物质——吸引,物质对真空——排斥,真空对真空——排斥。据此,得出了鉴别天体系统是处于膨胀状态还是处于收缩状态的一个判据。然后讨论了引力相互作用的三个类型和两种表现在总星系泡沫结构形成中的作用,认为真空能量(暗能量)扮演了起泡剂的角色。最后导出了空洞膨胀动力学方程,并对一空洞的膨胀加速度和速度进行了估计。     

一维入射波作用下土中结构荷载

简要地叙述了对爆炸荷载作用下土壤－结构相互作用进行了较全面、系统的研究后所得的部分研究结果，它包括了结构荷载的一维效应和多维效应，反映了土壤－结构相互作用中起主要作用的主要影响因素。同时又将它以十分简洁的形式提供工程应用。     

基于模糊模式识别的多通道目标选择算法

给出一种多通道用户界面的三维表示模型，证明目标选择是多通道人机交互技术的核心。针对多通道用户界面中输入信息的不精确性，运用模糊模式识别理论，提出根据不精确输入信息进行的目标选择算法。