环三磷腈基多官能液体环氧树脂(HGCP)的合成与热性能

以六氯环三磷腈、2,3-环氧基-1-丙醇为原料,得到六缩水甘油基环三磷腈(HGCP)。通过红外、核磁、质谱及元素分析对产物结构进行了表征,并研究了溶剂、原料配比、反应温度和时间对反应的影响。结果表明,合成的最佳条件是:四氢呋喃为溶剂,反应物料配比为n(2,3-环氧基-1-丙醇):n(六氯环三磷腈)=7.62,反应温度为30℃,反应时间4.0 h,产品收率达到78%。选取顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)和4,4-二氨基-二苯-甲烷(MDA)为固化剂,通过热失重分析和线烧蚀率研究了不同固化体系的耐热性和耐烧蚀性。研究表明,六缩水甘油基环三磷腈表现出优良的热稳定性,其交联产物EPG-1和EPG-2在高温条件下残炭量较高,线烧蚀率分别为0.344 mm/s和0.364 mm/s,可作为固体火箭推进剂绝热包覆材料使用。     

在轨温度环境对J-47C 胶黏剂粘接性能的影响

为考察在轨温度环境对J-47C结构胶黏剂粘接性能的影响,利用动态热机械分析和热重分析方法,对其Tg、热分解温度进行了测试,掌握了胶黏剂的耐热指标。通过不同温度下力学性能测试,温度冲击及真空热循环试验研究了卫星特殊的温度环境对胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明,J-47C胶黏剂在高温以及真空热循环和温度冲击后其仍具有较高的力学强度保持率,满足卫星的温度环境对胶黏剂性能的需求。     

Regional Response of the Climate System to Solar Forcing: The Role of the Ocean

A coupled climate model is used to explore the regional response of the climate system to solar forcing, with emphasis on the role of the ocean. It is shown that both the transient and the equilibrium response of surface temperature to changes in total solar irradiation is smaller over ocean than over land because of the ocean’s large heat capacity and the feedback involving evaporation. Furthermore, the advection of temperature anomalies and changes in ocean currents have an impact on the timing and the geographical distribution of the response. Nevertheless, at regional scales, the response to the forcing is embedded within the large internal variability of the system making the detection and analysis of the forced response difficult. Furthermore, this forced response could imply both changes in the mean state of the system as well as in its variability.     

调温热沉换热系统仿真设计与应用

调温热沉具有操作简单,经济性好,降温速率快,对试验件无遮挡等优点,因此,在部组件级热真空试验中具有越来越重要的地位和意义。对于调温热沉的设计,本文中通过采用基于M文件表述的S函数程序和状态空间描述的分布参数模型用于系统仿真,从而得出载冷剂、试验件、热沉三者之间的温度动态关系。继而得到热沉温度控制方案中控制参数的影响条件以及调温热沉设计方案中载冷剂的温度和流量的数据。     

蜂窝夹层结构抛物面天线型面精度仿真分析

星载抛物面天线在绕地球工作时会产生较大的热变形。为了获得在近地服役环境下全尺寸反射器型面精度模拟的工程方法,采用ABAQUS有限元和最小二乘法,对口径1.2 m的小尺寸蜂窝夹层结构天线进行热变形和均方根(RMS)值计算,对热膨胀系数、蜂窝高度和蒙皮铺层数量等因素进行分析。结果表明:蜂窝高度方向的热膨胀系数是影响RMS值的最主要因素。当蜂窝高度为65 mm,上、下蒙皮铺层数量为12层时,型面精度RMS值满足设计要求。最后基于实际装配条件计算全尺寸反射器在-80～120℃下的热变形,发现紧固件和预埋件可以有效减小工作面热变形,并且得到全尺寸反射器RMS值为40.45μm。该研究结果可为星载固面蜂窝夹层结构反射面天线结构的设计提供依据。     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

航天器热控自主管理中的智能控制技术

对国内航天器上应用较多的三种热控自主管理技术，即电加热器、百叶窗、流体回路进行了介绍。并结合卫星应用实例，重点对电加热器热控自主管理技术的智能控制策略进行了论述。最后，通过对国内外发展情况的调研，提出了热控自主管理智能控制技术将向精确化、智能化、与航天器其他领域自主管理相结合方向发展的思路。     

不同温度下DSM11镍基高温合金热腐蚀试验

为了研究DSM11镍基高温合金的抗热腐蚀性能，对该合金在650、750、850℃条件下涂覆5%NaCl+95%Na 2 SO 4 混合盐膜 进行腐蚀试验。利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）等手段，对合金被腐蚀200 h 后的表面形貌、物相组成、元素和腐蚀层的分布情况以及腐蚀机理进行分析。结果表明：随着试验温度的升高，合金表面腐蚀程度 逐渐加重、腐蚀产物组成逐渐复杂、失重加大、腐蚀产物层厚度增大；合金的腐蚀产物层均可分为3层，最外层和中间层主要为氧 化物，内层由颗粒状氧化物和硫化物组成，O和S的侵入现象表明合金发生了较明显的内氧化与内硫化现象；在3种温度下，合金 表面生成连续稳定的Al 2 O 3 保护层，抑制了热腐蚀反应的进行，对基体存在有效的保护作用，表明合金具有一定的抗热腐蚀性能。     

Cosmic ray measurements in High Tatra mountains: 1957–2007

Lomnický Štít (LS, situated at High Tatra mountain, 2634 m above sea level, in the direction of 49.40°N, 20.22°E; geomagnetic vertical cut-off rigidity for cosmic rays ∼4 GV) is a relevant place for cosmic ray studies. After a brief review of the LS research history we present a selection of the results based on the measurements performed by the neutron monitor located at that site. In particular, the characteristics of quasi-periodicities and the diurnal variability amplitude and phase obtained from those data are discussed.     

New He neutron monitor for Chilean Cosmic-Ray Observatories from the Altiplanic zone to the Antarctic zone

We present the results of three years of continuous operations and the principal characteristics of our new ³He neutron monitors installed in the Chilean Network of Cosmic-Ray Observatories. During the years 2004 and 2005, we began the construction of this International Geophysical Year (IGY)-type ³He neutron monitor, with the intention of replacing the older proportional tubes of the BF₃. These new monitors are installed in stations at locations ranging from the near-equatorial zone to the Antarctic zone. As a reference system, we used our own BF₃ neutron monitors and previously complemented the collected data with a Monte Carlo simulation for the proton-yield function response of the Putre neutron monitor. Herein, we present for the first time the data obtained from our new high-mountain observatory located in the Altiplanic zone.