基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法

聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.9143 mm,2.6038 mm,2.5311 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。     

基于全局灵敏度分析的侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响

考虑飞行载荷计算中使用的气动导数存在不确定性,利用基于方差的全局灵敏度分析(GSA)方法,结合偏航机动的动力学模型,分析了侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响。以某型飞机为例,运用该方法得到侧向气动导数的全局灵敏度排序。结果表明:侧滑角、阻尼贡献的垂尾侧向载荷及垂尾侧向总载荷受全机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响最大,受航向静稳定导数及方向舵操纵效能的影响次之;方向舵偏度贡献的垂尾侧向载荷只受全机侧力系数对方向舵偏度导数的影响;无尾飞机侧向载荷主要受航向静稳定导数、方向舵操纵效能及无尾飞机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响;偏航阻尼导数基本不影响各侧向飞行载荷。同时也验证了方法的有效性,对提高飞行载荷的计算精度有一定的指导意义。     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

一种鲁棒的概率核主成分分析模型

大数据时代面临的数据维数越来越高,对数据降维处理越发显得重要。经典的主成分分析模型已被证明是一种有效的数据降维方法。但它在处理非线性、存在噪声和异常点的数据时存在效果较差的问题。对此,文章提出了一种鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型。该模型将核方法与基于高斯隐变量模型的极大似然框架相结合,用多元 t分布作为先验分布,以同时解决主成分分析在这 3个方面的弊端。提出混合鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型,使其可直接用于对混合的非线性数据进行降维和聚类分析。在不同数据集上进行的实验结果表明,与标准的混合概率核主成分分析模型相比,文中模型在数据聚类方面有更高的准确率。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

球铰接杆式支撑臂构型参数分析

论述了球铰接杆式支撑臂的组成和主要构型参数。利用有限元分析软件建立了球铰接杆式支撑臂有限元模型,进行了模态分析并与试验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性;分析了单元段跨距、套筒半径、横向框架边数和斜拉索预紧力对支撑臂性能的影响。结果表明单元段跨距的增加有利于支撑臂总体性能的提升,而套筒半径和横向框架边数的增加能提高支撑臂刚度但同时增加了系统总质量。斜拉索预紧力应从最小允许预紧力和球铰取得最大刚度值时对应的预紧力中选取较大值。分析结果为支撑臂的工程设计提供了依据。     

基于相关分析和组合神经网络的退化预测

产品剩余寿命预测是加速退化试验和故障预测与健康管理两大热点领域中的关键技术之一.为了解决复杂退化的预测问题,提出了一种新型预测方法,对退化轨迹能够实现较长距离的预测.此方法首先对复杂退化数据进行小波变换,通过Durbin-Watson方法和偏相关图分析各级分解序列的自相关性,最后根据序列的特点,组合BP(Back Propagation)和小波神经网络对退化轨迹进行预测.为了验证所提组合神经网络方法的有效性,采用小波神经网络的预测结果进行对比分析.实际退化数据的预测结果表明,所提方法比单独采用小波神经网络,具有更小的均方差(MSE,Mean Square Error),对剩余寿命(RUL,Remaining Useful Life)也具有更高的预测精度.     

加速度计贮存稳定期分析

在石英挠性加速度计有限元仿真分析的基础上,得到了加速度计标度因数稳定性随温度及时间的变化数据,采用乘积型最小二乘曲面拟合方法对标度因数稳定性、时间、温度数据进行拟合,建立了标度因数稳定性的加速退化近似模型;考虑不同产品间的分散差异和试验测试误差,对加速退化近似模型进行随机化处理,基于一阶泰勒展开计算方差的方法,给出含置信度的加速退化近似模型;结合加速度计贮存条件,进行基于模型的贮存稳定期分析,得到贮存条件下给定稳定性判据时的加速度计稳定期;同时,也可以给出加速度计稳定性评价结果,判断某贮存条件下贮存一段时间后的稳定性是否能够满足要求.