基于FPGA的高准确度数字频率信号源设计

介绍了直接数字频率合成技术的实现方法,分析了其优越的技术特性。根据其特性,利用FPGA设计了高准确度的数字频率信号源。仿真结果表明,与传统的信号源相比,使用该方法实现的信号源,其信号种类多,准确度高,满足测试设备数字化、软件化的趋势。     

语用学中故意违反合作原则产生的语言效果

以语用学中的合作原则为理论框架，以相声演员郭德纲的相声语段为语料，解释合作原则及其四条基本准则，分析了违反四条准则后产生的幽默效果，从而帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏幽默艺术。     

Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.     

温差法在航空机轮导轨装配中的应用

该文介绍了将机轮导轨的冷压装改为热压装工艺,从而降低了生产成本,提高了产品装配质量。     

柴油发动机热管理系统的高度特性

基于空中和高原环境的特点,研究了柴油发动机散热器传热性能的高度特性;进一步建立了发动机热管理系统的流动和传热模型,研究了热管理系统的高度特性;给出了基于最小功耗原则的热管理系统运行参数匹配方法.在固定系统热负荷条件下的计算结果表明:随着海拔高度的增加,在空中环境下,散热器的散热性能先上升后下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度先下降后上升,热管理系统所需的最小功耗先减小后增加;在高原环境下,散热器的散热性能随高度增加大幅下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度大幅上升,发动机出现过热问题,为了给发动机提供足够的散热能力,热管理系统所需要的最小功耗随着海拔高度的增加而大幅增加.      

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

超声速变马赫数风洞流场参数线性变化验证

旋转喷管型面使超声速变马赫数风洞在单次运行过程中可连续调节实验区的马赫数,便于研究飞行器的机动过程、进气道起动过程中的气动问题。在控制喷管型面旋转过程中,流场参数能否线性变化是衡量超声速变马赫数风洞性能的一个重要指标。分析变马赫数风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化规律,利用弹簧光顺的动网格技术建立数值仿真模型,验证喷管位于马赫数3.041~3.215 范围所对应的位置时,实验区流场参数是否满足线性变化规律。结果表明：通过对喷管型面旋转的控制实现了风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化,动态计算结果与预期实验区流场参数线性变化规律吻合良好;在不同加速度的流场参数线性变化过程中,各时刻实验区的平均参数与预期参数之间的偏差均小于0.13%。     

基于模型的转子系统不平衡量的估计

采用基于模型的方法对转子系统的不平衡量进行估计,首先记录初始状态下的振动信号,然后根据实时测得的不平衡响应信号,得出差值振动信号,联立转子系统的动力学方程,得出不平衡等效载荷,根据等效载荷,得出不平衡的位置、相位及大小.采用模态扩展技术实现由有限几个点的振动响应获取所需点上的响应.由于噪声的影响,提出了基于高斯小波的降噪方法.仿真与实验结果表明,这一方法能够比较准确地估计出转子系统的不平衡量.      

2.4米跨声速风洞大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究

针对大展弦比飞机的气动布局特点,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究。该项研究建立了大升阻比高精度天平设计技术和模型支撑系统设计平台,研制了专用大升阻比高精度测力天平和模型支撑系统。在国内高速风洞中建立了大型跨声速风洞模型设计新准则。研究结果表明:所提出和制定的方案是科学合理的,为我国大飞机研制提供了可靠的技术支撑。