矩形高层建筑横风向动力风荷载解析模型

通过研究不同长宽比，高宽比的矩形棱柱体在边界层风洞中典型迎角下的机警风力，提出了矩形高层建筑横风力功率谱密度，均方根升力系数和Strouhal数的经验公式，并对相干函数作了一定的探讨，建立了完整的横风向动力风荷载解析模型，该模型和试验结果吻合较好，证明它是合理有效的，可此基础上建立高层建筑横风向动力响应的频域计算方法。     

MIDAS – The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System for the Rosetta Mission

The International Rosetta Mission is set for a rendezvous with Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. On its 10 year journey to the comet, the spacecraft will also perform a fly-by of the two asteroids Stein and Lutetia in 2008 and 2010, respectively. The mission goal is to study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary and interstellar material and its implications with regard to the origin of the Solar System. Measurements will be performed that shed light into the development of cometary activity and the processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and the inner coma. The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System (MIDAS) instrument is an essential element of Rosetta’s scientific payload. It will provide 3D images and statistical parameters of pristine cometary particles in the nm-μm range from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. According to cometary dust models and experience gained from the Giotto and Vega missions to 1P/Halley, there appears to be an abundance of particles in this size range, which also covers the building blocks of pristine interplanetary dust particles. The dust collector of MIDAS will point at the comet and collect particles drifting outwards from the nucleus surface. MIDAS is based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), a type of scanning microprobe able to image small structures in 3D. AFM images provide morphological and statistical information on the dust population, including texture, shape, size and flux. Although the AFM uses proven laboratory technology, MIDAS is its first such application in space. This paper describes the scientific objectives and background, the technical implementation and the capabilities of MIDAS as they stand after the commissioning of the flight instrument, and the implications for cometary measurements.     

磨削力的实时采集和数据处理

磨削一般是零件加工的最后一道工序。磨削过程较为复杂，磨削力的大小不仅影响工件的表面质量，而且还影响零件的精度。在磨削机理研究及生产实际中常常需对磨削力进行测试，通过调整磨削用量，修整砂轮，实现在允许的磨削力范围内进行加工。提出了在磨床上安装测力系统，并采用单片机对磨削力信号进行实时采集处理，建立磨削力的经验公式，同时显示并打印结果。     

湍流对二维矩形柱体空气动力学性质的影响

本文研究了湍流对长宽比B/D等于2和4的两种静止二维矩形柱体的空气动力学性质(平均压力分布、脉动压力分布、气动力和压力相关)的影响,并从能谱的观点讨论了湍流尺度的影响。     

Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

行星探测车被动摇臂悬架的研究与发展

悬架是行星探测车移动系统的关键部件,对其移动性能有直接影响。悬架设计是行星 探测车移动系统研究的重点和热点问题之一。被动摇臂悬架具有诸多优点,是目前行星探测 车移动系统广泛采用的一种悬架形式。对国内外行星探测车被动摇臂悬架的研究状 况进行了概述,对其优缺点进行了分析,对摇臂摆杆悬架进行了分类和详细介绍。最后,提 出了被动摇臂悬架设计要求,指出了其发展趋势,旨在为我国月球探测车悬架的开发提供借 鉴和启示。     

动力学解耦的改进直接力控制

 提出了一种动力学解耦的改进直接力控制技术,通过对传统直接力控制技术的改进,引入翼面气动力闭环控制回路,使空气动力学模型与刚体动力学模型分离,避免了空气动力学模型的不确定性和非线性耦合对控制系统的影响,并针对建模精度较高的刚体动力学模型进行动力学解耦和控制,在此基础上构建了分层递阶控制系统。根据翼面气动力可控特性分析结果,设计了基于广义逆的控制力分配算法,实现了控制力的有效分配,最后进行了仿真校验。仿真结果表明,基于逆动力学的直接力控制系统可以实现飞行器姿态运动和质心运动的解耦控制,并且具有较强的抗扰动能力和鲁棒性,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

摆式力平衡加速度计测试方法

阐述了摆式力平衡加速度计的基本工作原理和主要性能指标的测试方法,分析了加速度计误差及存在误差的原因,对减小误差的测试方法进行探讨研究,达到了提高加速度计测试准确度的目的.     

先拉伞绳法数学模型及拉直力预测

给出了考虑伞绳粘弹性的降落伞先拉伞绳法拉直过程预测方法.建立了拉直过程数学模型的基本方程,理论分析了基本方程中粘性项对张力波在伞绳中传播的作用;弹性张力波不仅使伞衣套一端产生的张力通过伞绳传到前置体一端在时间上滞后一些,而且由于拉直过程中存在着吸收和弥散现象,使两端的张力不能相等.使用该模型计算了伞拉直运动和拉直力,对拉直力动态变化过程进行了分析.计算表明:前置体一端承受的最大拉直力不仅与伞衣底边被拉动瞬间产生的最大张力有关,而且与拉出伞衣底边以后产生的载荷张力有关.      

空间机械臂捕捉空间目标分析

基于建立的空间机械臂系统的运动学与动力学模型,以及动量守恒关系,对空间机械臂抓取空间目标进行了分析。讨论了两关节机械臂4种碰撞力方向及其对应的机械臂系统耦合角动量、关节转角的变化,提出了直臂抓取方案。仿真结果表明：通过控制碰撞力方向可有效减少碰撞力对系统耦合角动量、关节转角的影响,进而避免混合体控制的关节与力矩限制。