燃气二次喷射对推力矢量控制发动机内流场的影响

采用准一维非定常N-S方程对固体火箭发动机燃气二次喷射推力矢量控制过程进行数值仿真,研究燃气引出和燃气二次喷射对发动机燃烧室及喷管内流场的影响。重点研究了燃气引出对燃烧室压强波动的影响并对其形成机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,燃气二次喷射推力矢量控制工作过程中,燃烧室压强波动很大,速度在一定程度上脉动,温度基本上不受影响。由于高温高速二次燃气的加入,喷管扩散段二次喷射孔附近及其下游喷管内压强、速度和温度有明显的变化。     

基于实时解空间的三维声源定位

提出了一种基于实时解空间库的快速三维声源定位算法。该算法使用来自四个声传感器 ,一个风速传感器和一个风向传感器的信号能够准确快速地计算出声源的位置。     

基于支持向量机和人工免疫的新结合算法

为了减少大规模数据的支持向量机的样本训练时间,提出了人工免疫（aiNet）和支持向量机（SVM）相结合的算法（ai—SVM）。aiNet能在进行样本压缩的同时抽取原始数据的相关信息并保持原始数据的样本分布。压缩后的样本组成了抗体网络,并在此抗体网络上构建了支持向量机模型。最后结合实际数据样本对ai—SVM算法进行了验证。结果表明,ai-SVM算法可大大减小训练样本集和训练代价,且不降低精度。     

民机运营支持共通性体系构架研究

民机运营支持共通性是民机产品系列化的重要特征之一,能够帮助主制造商、运营商及航空MRO等相关利益方有效控制成本、优化多样性运营支持模式、降低运营风险等。为了进一步提高民机运营效率,满足航空运营人对国产民机运营支持共通性日益增长的现实需求,本文针对现阶段我国民机运营支持特点,借鉴国际先进的民机运营支持共通性理念和技术方法,从产品级和业务流程级两个层次构建国产民机运营支持共通性体系,通过层次分析及模糊综合评价法提出完备性评估方案,以期为国产民机运营支持共通性体系实现标准规范和工程应用提供参考。     

以静态燃速预示固体发动机燃速

对同一工艺条件下大量的药条燃速、φ127 mm发动机燃速和全尺寸发动机燃速进行了测试和研究,对不同截面尺寸的药条燃速测试结果和精度进行了比较。结果表明,当选择合理的药条截面尺寸时,药条燃速与全尺寸发动机燃速间具有满意的相关性,可对全尺寸发动机燃速进行预示。研究结果可用于固体发动机工程实际。     

Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft projects with parametric modeling

The study of the development cost of general aviation aircraft is limited by small samples with many cost-driven factors. This paper investigates a parametric modeling method for prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft. The proposed technique depends on some principal components, acquired by utilizing P value analysis and gray correlation analysis. According to these principal components, the corresponding linear regression and BP neural network models are established respectively. The feasibility and accuracy of the P value analysis are verified by comparing results of model fitting and prediction. A sensitivity analysis related to model precision and suitability is discussed in detail. Results obtained in this study show that the proposed method not only has a certain degree of versatility, but also provides a preliminary prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft.     

Analysis of GNSS clock prediction performance with different interrupt intervals and application to real-time kinematic precise point positioning

Continuous and timely real-time satellite orbit and clock products are mandatory for real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). Real-time high-precision satellite orbit and clock products should be predicted within a short time in case of communication delay or connection breakdown in practical applications. For prediction, historical data describing the characteristics of the real-time orbit and clock can be used as the basis for performing the prediction. When historical data are scarce, it is difficult for many existing models to perform precise predictions. In this paper, a linear regression model is used to predict clock products. Seven-day GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) final clock products sampled at 30 s are used to analyze the characteristics of GNSS clocks. It is shown that the linear regression model can be used as the prediction model for the satellite clock products. In addition, the accuracy of the clock prediction for different satellites are analyzed using historical data with different periods (such as 2 and 10 epochs). Experimental results show that the accuracy of the clock with the linear regression prediction model using historical data with 10 epochs is 1.0 ns within 900 s. This is higher accuracy than that achieved using historical data of 2 epochs. Finally, the performance analysis for real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) is provided using GFZ final clock prediction results and state space representation (SSR) clock prediction results when communication delay or connection breakdown occur. Experimental results show that the positioning accuracy without prediction is better than that with prediction in general, whether using the final clock product or the SSR clock product. For the final clock product, the positioning accuracy in the north (N), east (E), and up (U) directions is better than 10.0 cm with all visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 15.0 cm to 7.0 cm. For the SSR clock product, the positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions is better than 12.0 cm with visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 12.0 cm to 9.0 cm.     

Models for estimating daily photosynthetically active radiation in oceanic and mediterranean climates and their improvement by site adaptation techniques

In this work Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in oceanic and mediterranean climates is modeled. Twenty-two different models have been developed and tested: eleven Multilinear Regression (MR) models and eleven Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) models, using combinations of variables such as Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Global Extraterrestrial Irradiance (G₀), Temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH). Data provided by Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) are used to develop and train the models, while the models have been validated using field data from four stations located in Spain, covering the different study climates.According to the results, zones with different climate conditions need different models, both for the case of MR and ANN. The results show the need of including the GHI in all models in order to obtain accurate estimates; in fact, the presence of more variables only improves slightly the results in mediterranean climate, while in oceanic climate no improvement is observed.On the other hand, comparing MR and ANN models, ANN models did not show better results than those of MR models in no one of the cases studied. Regarding the climate, both types of models are clearly better for the mediterranean case than for the oceanic one. In order to improve the performance of the model for oceanic climate a correction based on the site adaptation technique was carried out. The good results obtained by this technique fully justify its use.The best proposed models provide better performance than other models which are restricted to certain locations. Besides, the clustering technique based on the PAR variable, used in this work, allows obtaining useful models for a whole region. Finally, another advantage of this methodology is that there is no need of ground measurements for its development, except for the site adaptation technique.     

基于变参数广义结构的距离扩展目标检测方法

针对特定杂波背景下的最优或次优检测器结构难以适应过渡杂波环境的问题，首先，给出基于变参数广义结构的距离扩展目标检测器，通过调整参数来适应杂波特性。其次，确定检测器最佳参数的经验公式，经验公式符合数值结果。最后，利用仿真试验分析检测器的检测性能。仿真结果表明，在介于高斯和复合高斯杂波之间的过渡环境中，提出的检测器比现有检测器具有更加优异的目标检测性能，对杂波非高斯程度时空渐变性具有较强的适应能力。     

Tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants,representing the higher plant compartment in bioregenerative life support systems,to super-optimal air temperatures

Plants intended to be included in the photosynthesizing compartment of the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) need to be studied in terms of both their production parameters under optimal conditions and their tolerance to stress factors that might be caused by emergency situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants to the super-optimal air temperature of 45 ± 1 °C as dependent upon PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) intensity and the duration of the exposure to the stress factor. Chufa plants were grown hydroponically, on expanded clay, under artificial light. The nutrient solution was Knop’s mineral medium. Until the plants were 30 days old, they had been grown at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and air temperature 25 °C. Thirty-day-old plants were exposed to the temperature 45 °C for 6 h, 20 h, and 44 h at PAR intensities 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The exposure to the damaging air temperature for 44 h at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR caused irreversible damage to PSA, resulting in leaf mortality. In chufa plants exposed to heat shock treatment at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR for 6 h and 20 h, respiration exceeded photosynthesis, and CO₂ release in the light was recorded. Functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus, estimated from parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem 2 (PS 2), decreased 40% to 50%. After the exposure to the stress factor was finished, functional activity of PSA recovered its initial values, and apparent photosynthesis (P_apparent) rate after a 20-h exposure to the stress factor was 2.6 times lower than before the elevation of the temperature. During the first hours of plant exposure to the temperature 45 °C at 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, respiration rate was higher than photosynthesis rate, but after 3–4 h of the exposure, photosynthetic processes exceeded oxidative ones and CO₂ absorption in the light was recorded. At the end of the 6-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to that recorded prior to the exposure, and no significant changes were observed in the functional activity of PSA. At the end of the 20-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to its initial value, but certain parameters of the functional activity of PSA decreased 25% vs. their initial values. During the repair period, the parameters of external gas exchange recovered their initial values, and parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were 20–30% higher than their initial values. Thus, exposure of chufa plants to the damaging temperature of the air for 20 h did not cause any irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants at either 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ or 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, and higher PAR intensity during the heat shock treatment enhanced heat tolerance of the plants.