二维多介质流动问题的界面处理方法

就二维可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟,给出了一种新的界面处理方法。通过在界面处构造Riemann问题,利用Riemann问题的解分别定义界面两边流体的边界条件,由于Riemann问题的解准确地描述了界面处流体的流动状态,因此得到了更加准确的界面边界条件。本文将由Riemann问题的解得到的界面速度外推到整个流场,重新定义速度场,避免了由于速度的大梯度变化而导致的Level—Set等值线相互交错,因而得到了更加精确的界面位置。利用该方法对水下激波与柱型气泡相互作用问题进行数值模拟,结果表明该方法能准确地捕捉各种物理现象。     

二维翼型非定常运动的涡流场显示--2俯仰运动和沉浮/俯仰联合运动

介绍了在水洞中进行的二维机翼纯俯仰运动和沉浮/俯仰联合运动时的流动显示实验.实验结果揭示了机翼做纯俯仰运动时尾迹涡街的特性以及与Strouhal数(Ste)的关系.在Ste=0.105附近,涡街排列成一条线;大于该值,为逆Karman涡街;小于该值,为正Karman涡街.机翼做沉浮/俯仰联合运动时,尾迹中总是出现逆Karman涡街.结合数值计算结果说明,机翼做沉浮/俯仰联合运动时,推力及最大有效迎角与沉浮和俯仰运动之间的相位差有关.并讨论了前缘涡与后缘涡相互作用对推力的影响.     

离心泵叶轮内含颗粒的幂律流体的密相两相湍流研究

阐述了幂律流体控制方程的特点，首先对单相的幂律流体与密相液固两相流进行了计算，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。其次对泵离心叶轮内的含颗粒的幂律流体的两相流动进行了计算，从进口到出口，幂律流体的速度是减小的，压力随半径增大逐渐升高，而且压力面上的压力大于吸力面上的压力。吸力面上的颗粒拟温度小于压力面上的颗粒拟温度，而且靠近壁面处的大于叶道中的。最后比较了液固两相流与含颗粒的幂律流体的两相流的流动。流体相的紊动能有一定的差别，而且颗粒拟温度也有较大差别。     

建筑物风环境三维定常数值仿真

针对建筑物的风环境问题，采用计算流体动力学CFD软件对两幢建筑物进行了数值模拟，得出了建筑物的风场分布，以及风载的分布规律，结果表明，气流在来流方向第一幢建筑物的顶部、两侧的前沿产生分离，建筑物之间产生强烈的漩涡，顶部的局部负压最大。     

光流场重建线性算法的实验模拟

由光流场重建三维运动和结构是计算机视觉研究中的热点和前沿，它分为线性算法和非线性算法。非线性算法的初始值选取非常重要，否则会导致算法失败。本文提出了一种由光流场重建三维结构线性算法的实验模拟新方法，该方法巧妙地利用合成数据和图像序列验证了重建的线性算法，该思路也适用于其它算法。     

航天器测试需求描述及其自动生成

航天器作为一个典型的安全苛刻系统,其可信性研究需求迫切,支持可信性评估的数据来自于航天器测试用例的执行,而航天器测试需求是测试用例生成的重要依据.在实际应用中,对航天器这类复杂系统,面临测试需求庞杂、测试需求编制周期长、人工经验编制方式难以保证测试需求的充分性、完备性及可复用性等问题.针对这些问题,通过分析航天器组织结构特点,建立航天器形式化模型,基于航天器测试任务流程,给出了航天器静态测试需求和动态测试需求形式化描述规范,并给出航天器测试需求自动生成方法,保证了测试需求的充分性和完备性,提高了测试需求复用性,与人工编制方式相比,缩短了测试需求编制周期.最后设计并实现航天器测试需求生成应用系统,验证所提出方法的有效性.      

基于有限元方法的场磨式电场传感器标定装置优化设计

场磨式电场传感器常被用来测量特高压直流(HVDC)输电线路下地面合成电场强度.传统对其标定的方法存在标定装置体积较大、户外标定移动不方便的缺点.针对此问题研究了一种应用于特高压直流输电线路下地面合成电场测量的电场传感器便携式缩尺标定装置.基于有限元方法建立了传感器的三维电场模型,基于该模型对便携式标定装置的尺寸、结构等关键参数做出了模拟分析,在此基础上进行了便携式标定装置的结构参数的优化设计.将便携式缩尺标定装置与标准的标定装置进行了实验比较.仿真及实验结果表明该标定装置能够方便、准确地对场磨式电场传感器进行标定.      

一种流量阀几何形状设计计算方法

本文推导了提动头式和滑阀式窗口形两种典型调节阀的理论型面线通用坐标方程,在给定A=f(m)的函数关系后,即可计算表达该阀几何形状的曲线方程,从而求得调节阀的精确的几何尺寸。并讨论了为便于加工,型面曲线用直线近似的方法和误差的校核。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室三维流动数值计算

采用ｋε双方程湍流模型,以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ 计算程式求解翼柱型装药固体火箭发动机燃烧室内三维非定常不可压流ＮＳ 方程．在建立翼柱型装药简化模型的基础上采用边界标志法来表达燃面推移,采用从二维到三维的初场给定方法结合多重网格法求出了多个时间步的非稳态流场结构．计算结果表明燃烧室内旋涡运动呈现一定的空间与时间分布,周向加质导致燃气通道横断面上轴向速度分布的极不均衡．     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.