腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料疲劳寿命计算方法

 使用环境下飞机金属结构剩余寿命评定是确定飞机结构疲劳寿命与日历寿命关系的关键。为此,本文模拟飞机结构经历的"地面腐蚀+空中疲劳"过程,提出了腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料的疲劳寿命计算方法。首先,通过分析2A12-T4铝合金试样预腐蚀/疲劳试验结果,发现其在模拟腐蚀/疲劳交替作用时计算得到的疲劳寿命偏于保守。随后,根据2A12-T4铝合金试样真实的交替试验结果,采用回归算法,建立了基于均匀分布耦合损伤形式的腐蚀/疲劳交替寿命计算模型;并分别采用BP、Elman神经网络对上述模型的计算结果进行验证。结果表明,本文提出的均匀分布耦合损伤模型计算结果与真实试验结果吻合较好;通过进一步的计算与试验对比发现,该模型也可以用于加载循环与腐蚀周期组合发生变化时的疲劳寿命预测,具有较好的适用性。     

AZ91D镁合金表面热扩散渗锌膜层研究

为了提高AZ91D镁合金的耐腐蚀性能和表面硬度,对其进行了表面热处理扩散渗锌处理,并对其得到的膜层表面和断面形貌、结构组成、耐腐蚀性能、显微硬度等性能进行了探讨,测量了该合金热扩散渗锌前后试样的阳极极化曲线和交流阻抗图,这些试验结果都表明在AZ91D镁合金材料表面进行热扩散渗锌获得的表面膜层均匀细致,膜层由Mg₇Zn₃、Mg和Zn构成,而且该膜层与基体相比耐腐蚀性和对镁合金基体的防护性能有了显著提高,并具有较高的表面显微硬度.     

舰载机综合保障技术实践及发展展望

随着舰载机批量服役,中国突破了舰载机研制关键技术,但由于舰载机机型种类多,保障工作复杂且强度大,加之舰基空间及资源有限、保障压力大,舰载机面临着舰面保障规模大等难题,为此开展了舰载机多机种综合保障技术实践。本文较为全面地总结了舰载机研制采用的保障一体化论证方法、基于模型的可靠性/安全性分析方法、面向机舰适配维修性设计、腐蚀防护与控制、岸舰一体通用化保障系统研制等工程实践做法。结合对新作战概念、保障发展需求研究,展望了新一代舰载机保障模式,提出了一种从"保障战斗力"跨越到"释放战斗力"的新保障概念和保障模式。     

铝合金试件腐蚀深度分布特性及变化规律研究

以飞机蒙皮结构常用材料LY12CZ铝合金模拟试件的试验室加速腐蚀和大气暴露腐蚀试验结果为依据,用腐蚀深度对腐蚀损伤程度进行了描述,对腐蚀深度进行了测量;给出了一定腐蚀时间下腐蚀深度的分布特性,对腐蚀深度分散性及腐蚀深度随时间的变化规律进行了研究;并得到了加速腐蚀与大气暴露试验的当量加速关系.     

高强铝合金腐蚀等级的近似量化

飞机主要结构材料——高强铝合金的腐蚀损伤程度的定性检测采用目视法,为了使目视法的评定结果量化或近似量化,本文通过EXCO模拟实验,测量了LY12CZ和7075T7351铝合金在不同腐蚀等级时的最大腐蚀深度;通过对数据的统计分析,建立了二者之间的对应关系,使上述2种高强铝合金的腐蚀等级近似量化.由此,通过腐蚀等级的评定,可以推测LY12CZ和7075T7351铝合金最大腐蚀深度的大致范围,从而提高了目视法的应用价值.      

红外辐射测量系统内部杂散辐射建模与仿真

杂散辐射是影响光学系统性能的重要因素,对于红外光学系统,除了外部杂散辐射,还须考虑系统自身结构产生的内部杂散辐射。为提高红外辐射计内部杂散辐射分析的精度,建立了 1种基于复合蒙特卡洛法的内部杂散辐射数学模型。首先,将红外辐射计的内部杂散辐射源根据位置分为 2部分:遮光罩入瞳处的热辐射和辐射计内部光学元件、机械部分所发出的热辐射。对于遮光罩入瞳处和辐射计内部光机元件发出的杂散辐射,分别采用正向蒙特卡洛法和反向蒙特卡洛法进行追踪,得到探测器接收面入瞳处的杂散辐射辐照度分布,进而分析不同位置的发射源对接收面入瞳处的杂散辐射贡献。最后,与直接模拟仿真结果进行对比。实验结果表明,在追迹光线数相等的情况下,该方法的精度更高。仿真结果体现了红外辐射计各部分杂散辐射对探测器入瞳面接收到的杂散辐射造成的影响,对后期开展内部杂散辐射抑制提供了方向。     

腐蚀条件下飞机结构使用寿命的评定与监控

本文提出了一种对腐蚀条件下飞机结构使用寿命进行评定和监控的方法，该方法以室温大气环境的寿命评定结论为基础，考虑地面停放预腐蚀和空中环境中腐蚀疲劳的影响而对使用寿命进行修正，并针对歼击机的使用特点而进行工程简化，简化方案已在两种歼击机的关键部位中实施。     

Investigation on a Sol-gel Coating Containing Inhibitors on 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy

For a long time, chromate incorporated conversion coatings have been drawn special attention in corrosion protection of air-craft-used aluminum alloys. However,ever-increasing environmental pressures requires that non-chromate conversion coatings be developed because of the detrimental carcinogenic effects of the chromate compounds. In recent years, the sol-gel coatings doped with inhibitors were developed to replace chromate conversion coatings, and showed real promise. A sol-gel coating was prepared and its anti-corrosion behavior was investigated using the potentiodynamic scanning (PDS) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the sol-gel coating obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) is prone to form defects if cured at the room temperature, whereas if cured at a higher temperature (100 ℃), these flaws can be avoided. Furthermore, it can be seen that addition of anti-foam agents and surfactants will reduce the faults if cured at the room temperature. Effects of the corrosion inhibitors, CeCl3 and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), in the sol-gel coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy were also investigated. Results show that the corrosion resistance of the sol-gel coatings containing CeCl3 proves to be better than that of the pure and MBT added sol-gel coatings by the electrochemical methods.     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl^- ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl^- ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples passivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those passivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti：Ni = 9.01：1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

构件打磨深度对疲劳寿命的影响

按照飞机结构修理手册的规定,腐蚀损伤的允许打磨深度不超过构件厚度的10%。疲劳寿命计算和试验结果表明,从疲劳强度角度考虑,如果损伤部位修理不能利用原紧固件孔安装紧固件,并且又只能采用非对称铆接修理,则打磨深度在总厚度的10%～20%时,较合理的修理仍是通过打磨清除腐蚀,然后恢复涂层。