脉冲射流强化喷流混合的数值模拟

采用高振幅低流量射流射入亚音剪切层以强化喷流混合,对利用脉冲射流强化喷流混合的流场进行了数值模拟.利用有限体积法和重整化群(RNG)k-ε湍流模型求解N-S方程.分别进行了低亚音马赫数及中等亚音马赫数喷流混合的数值模拟.数值模拟结果显示,无论是对于低亚音速热喷流还是中等亚音速热喷流,脉冲激励引起喷流在与激励源平行的平面迅速扩展,在与之垂直的平面收缩,当脉冲射流激励的斯德鲁哈尔数在0.2时,可以得到较好混合,而且少量的射流流量(占主流流量的1%)可以极大地增加速度及温度的衰减率,随着流量的增加(占主流流量的3%),喷流混合得到进一步的加强.     

三维五向编织复合材料的弹性性能

根据实际编织工艺和编织预制件的细观结构模型,利用刚度等效的思想,导出了三维五向编织复合材料的刚度矩阵并计算了其弹性常数.在此基础上,对比分析了三维五向和三维四向编织复合材料的弹性常数随编织角及纤维体积分数的变化规律,讨论了编织预制件的截面尺寸对三维五向编织复合材料弹性常数的影响.结果表明,三维五向编织复合材料在保持三维四向编织复合材料良好性能的同时对纵向力学性能进行了增强;编织预制件的截面尺寸只在较小的情况下才对编织复合材料的弹性常数影响较大.      

一种有负泊松比效应的二维多胞材料力学模型

负泊松比多胞材料具有独特的力学性能,有着良好的应用前景.基于旋转机制,提出了一种具有负泊松比效应的、由部分内凹以及部分规则六边形组成的二维多胞材料力学模型;预测了模型的泊松比及刚度系数随角度的变化关系,计算了该模型的剪应变,并通过能量法给出了其弹性本构方程.结果表明:该力学模型不但能产生负的泊松比,而且还可导致大于1的正泊松比及呈现"负刚度"特征;通过调整模型胞壁长度的比值和特征角的大小可以改变模型的刚度系数.这些结果对二维多胞材料的微结构设计具有一定的工程参考价值.     

机床立柱高比刚度结构仿生设计

提高机床运动结构的比刚度对于提高机床加工精度以及系统动力学性能具有重要作用.基于结构仿生的原理和方法,在分析骨架对生物体刚度的贡献以及体现了最佳的载荷路径这一思想的基础上,对叶片抛磨机立柱内部的筋板结构进行重新设计,使其发挥骨架的作用.对原型及仿生型立柱进行了静力、模态及瞬态动力学分析,经过有限元分析发现,立柱的质量减小,比刚度结构效能得到了较大的提高,其静动力学性能也有明显的改善.      

挤压油膜阻尼器失效问题分析

说明了研究挤压油膜阻尼器(简称SFD)减振失效的意义.首先,介绍了国际上研究SFD的J.W.Lund、E.J.Hahn、R.Holmes、R.A.Cookson和E.J.Gunter等五个学术集团,归纳出他们谈论到的有关挤压油膜阻尼器失效的观点,特别着重指出了挤压油膜阻尼器失效的不正确设计.失效的现象是过不了临界和导致转子支承系统产生双稳态特性.避免失效的方法是:调整油膜间隙与不平衡量间的关系,应用全油膜,限制不平衡量和采用弹性支座.本文的结论是:假如设计参数选择不当,挤压油膜阻尼器不仅不能减振,反而会导致转子支承系统工作不稳定或过不了临界.     

Unusual nighttime impulsive foF2 enhancements at low latitudes: Phenomenology and possible explanations

This paper is focused on unusual nighttime impulsive electron density enhancements that are rarely observed at low latitudes on a wide region of South America, under quiet and medium/high geomagnetic conditions. The phenomenon under investigation is very peculiar because besides being of brief duration, it is characterized by a pronounced compression of the ionosphere. The phenomenon was studied and analyzed using both the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the virtual height of the base of the F region (h′F) values recorded at five ionospheric stations widely distributed in space, namely: Jicamarca (−12.0°, −76.8°, magnetic latitude −2.0°), Peru; Sao Luis (−2.6°, −44.2°, magnetic latitude +6.2°), Cachoeira Paulista (−22.4°, −44.6°, magnetic latitude −13.4°), and São José dos Campos (−23.2°, −45.9°, magnetic latitude −14.1°), Brazil; Tucumán (−26.9°, −65.4°, magnetic latitude −16.8°), Argentina. In a more restricted region over Tucumán, the phenomenon was also investigated by the total electron content (TEC) maps computed by using measurements from 12 GPS receivers. A detailed analysis of isoheight ionosonde plots suggests that traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) caused by gravity wave (GW) propagation could play a significant role in causing the phenomenon both for quiet and for medium/high geomagnetic activity; in the latter case however a recharging of the fountain effect, due to electric fields penetrating from the magnetosphere, joins the TID propagation and plays an as much significant role in causing impulsive electron density enhancements.     

Ignition enhancement of ethylene/air by NOx addition

Recently, non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion (PAC) has been found to be promising in reducing the ignition delay time in hypersonic propulsion system. NO x produced by non-equilibrium plasma can react with intermediates during the fuel oxidation process and thereby has influence on the combustion process. In this study, the effects of NO x addition on the ignition process of both the homogeneous ethylene/air mixtures and the non-premixed diffusion layer are examined numerically. The detailed chemistry for ethylene oxidization together with the NO x sub-mechanism is included in the simulation. Reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to give a mechanistic interpretation for the ignition enhancement by NO x addition. It is found that for both the homogenous and non-premixed ignition processes at normal and elevated pressures, NO 2 addition has little influence on the ignition delay time while NO addition can significantly promote the ignition process. The ignition enhancement is found to be caused by the promotion in hydroxyl radical production which quickly oxidizes ethylene. The promotion in hydroxyl radical production by NO addition is achieved in two ways:one is the direct production of OH through the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH, and the other is the indirect production of OH through the reactions NO+O2=NO2+O and C2H4+O = C2H3+OH. Moreover, it is found that similar to the homogeneous ignition process, the acceleration of the diffusion layer ignition is also controlled by the reaction HO2+NO = NO2+OH.     

单层编织增强复合材料力学特性计算

单层编织增强复合材料具有优异的比强度、比刚度和变形特性,逐渐被应用于空间可展结构。其一般采用薄壳形式,应用基于均匀化ABD刚度矩阵的壳体理论可提高结构计算效率。对于非对称编织增强物,如按经典复合材料理论计算,中性面偏移会导致不准确的耦合效应。本文提出了一种基于单胞模型的多尺度方法,通过确定中性面并施加周期边界条件,计算任意单层编织复合材料的ABD刚度矩阵和模量值。对比试验验证了方法的准确性,预测了平纹、破斜纹1/3、斜纹1/3编织增强复合材料刚度及模量随编织密度的变化趋势,给出了单胞的合理应变分布。     

Forbush decreases and solar events seen in the 10–20 GeV energy range by the Karlsruhe Muon Telescope

Since 1993, a muon telescope located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Muon Telescope) has been recording the flux of single muons mostly originating from primary cosmic-ray protons with dominant energies in the 10–20 GeV range. The data are used to investigate the influence of solar effects on the flux of cosmic rays measured at Earth. Non-periodic events like Forbush decreases and ground level enhancements are detected in the registered muon flux. A selection of recent events will be presented and compared to data from the Jungfraujoch neutron monitor. The data of the Karlsruhe Muon Telescope help to extend the knowledge about Forbush decreases and ground level enhancements to energies beyond the neutron monitor regime.     

人工粗糙度对矩形弯曲管道流动与传热数值模拟

人工粗糙度作为一种局部强化换热技术,对提高再生冷却效率有重要意义。为了研究人工粗糙度对矩形冷却通道三维流动与传热特性的影响,以及在弯曲段与二次流的耦合作用,对有人工粗糙度的三维弯曲矩形通道进行了建模,并应用Fluent软件进行了数值仿真计算,采用了能够有效准确地求解受强曲率影响的管道内及近壁区域湍流流动的RNG k-ε湍流模型。结果表明:在冷却通道底面添加人工粗糙度会使底部流动受到干扰进而导致流速中心上移,因此在弯曲段,有人工粗糙度的冷却通道中所产生迪恩涡的范围相对较小且距离底面较远,而随着二次流的产生,流速中心会向底部移动,使得该处的换热得到改善,整体对流传热系数上升;当入口质量流量分别为0.1 kg/s,0.2 kg/s,0.3 kg/s时,有人工粗糙度工况下弯曲段加热面平均对流传热系数分别增加了11.86%,13.11%,16.14%,表明添加人工粗糙度可以显著提高换热,且随着入口质量流量的增加其对换热的提高作用也变得越来越明显。