铲挖式表层月壤采样器设计与试验

针对月球表层土壤的采样任务,设计了一种搭载于机械臂末端的采样器。基于离散元手段,利用Scott真实月壤微型三轴压缩试验数据,完成仿真散体颗粒特性参数匹配,开展了采样器铲取、挖取采样过程的仿真分析,获得作业过程采样器的动力学特性。此外,开发了采样器性能测试系统,针对不同模拟月壤对象进行了采样试验,测试获得了采样器采样能力随深度及月壤硬度的变化情况,得到采样器操作参数的可行区域。采样器能够实现铲取、挖取和封装容器转移多重任务,研究工作为中国未来的月面采样任务提供方案借鉴和技术支撑。     

基于卫星编队的空间碎片视觉高精度导航方法

视觉方法被广泛应用于空间碎片这类和卫星之间没有任何通信的非合作目标导航。针对观测过程中视觉传感器的像差偏差引起位置不确定的问题,提出了利用卫星编队的立体视觉导航方法。首先,利用卫星编队构造了长基线的视觉传感器,通过Fisher矩阵对系统的可观测性进行了分析,验证了系统是可观的;其次,对视觉传感器进行了误差分析,通过安排最优视差角,使多颗卫星的观测信息融合达到最优;最后,应用卫星编队的视觉导航方法对空间碎片进行了导航仿真验证。结果表明,基于卫星编队的视觉导航方法可以显著减小观测误差,精度能达到01m量级,而且编队构形简单,易于工程实现。     

基于海岸线状特征匹配的近海域卫星遥感影像定位

针对卫星轨道参数及传感器姿态角等信息缺乏且无控制点的近海域遥感影像定位难题,提出了基于海岸线状特征匹配的影像定位方法。首先,扩展应用Live-Wire算法,实现待定位影像的海岸线交互式提取;然后,设计一种改进的曲线形状签名和优化的部分匹配算法,实现海岸曲线匹配;最后,根据曲线匹配结果计算变换矩阵,实现近海域卫星遥感影像定位。利用Land Sat和SPOT影像的定位实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

A novel method for multi-angle SAR image matching

Multi-angle synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image matching is very challenging, because the same object may cause different backscattering patterns, heavily depending on the radar incident angle. A technique based on the relations between the invariant positions of ground targets among the reference and sensed images is proposed to accommodate the nonmatching patterns. It involves a target extraction using wavelet coefficient fusion, as well as a geometric voting matching routine for searching the matched control points(CPs) in the reference and sensed images, respectively. To accelerate the speed of the search, a robust, rapidly corresponding CPs determination strategy is exploited by utilizing the global spatial transformation model, as well as a procedure of outlier removal to ensure the desired accuracy. Meanwhile, the positions of the matched point pairs are relocated using mutual information. The final warping of the images according to the CPs is performed by using a polynomial function. The results show the possibility of matching multi-angle SAR images in general cases.     

精密研磨加工薄壁半盲孔及高精度平板的方法

本文着重从研磨加工的手法、研磨膏的配比、不同材料的研磨磨料选用等方面进行探讨,并详细叙述各种加工方式对产品质量的影响,通过典型零件加工技术的具体阐述,将研磨加工的方法及技巧做详细的描述,利于技术交流及推广.     

An optimization model of parameter matching for aircraft catapult launch

To efficiently and fully utilize aircraft carrier resources, an optimization model is presented to deal with parameter matching between aircraft and carrier in the process of aircraft catapult launch. Based on carrier aircraft longitudinal dynamic equations and theorem of kinetic energy in catapult launch course, the work characteristics of different forces are learned and a theory model of parameter matching is deduced. In view of the uncertainty of the model parameters of the theory model and the low matching accuracy of the approximate model, an optimization model of parameter matching is introduced in line with the structure of theory model and the approximate model and is generated by the proposed immune genetic algorithm. Compared with the original genetic algorithm and immune algorithm, the proposed algorithm has better calculation accuracy and convergence. The calculation results show that the optimization model occupies certain application value of engineering estimation from the comparison with the relevant literature data and has higher precision than the approximate models. The validity of the proposed approach is verified with numerical case study on a carrier based aircraft.     

发射井引射器的工作特性

针对发射井优化设计问题,提出了发射井引射器模型和引射器函数求解方法。研究了静压协调函数的性质,分析了发动机总压、发射井横截面积、混合室出口压强变化时的极限工作条件和取值范围。结果表明:第一极限、引射面积零点和等速点不能达到;在未达到第三极限时,引射器工作特性服从静压协调函数;在第三极限和最小极限之间工作特性曲线服从最优静压函数;在过雍塞状态,引射器工作特性服从最小静压函数。研究结果为发射井和引射器的优化设计提供了重要指导。     

基于非平行双目结构的三维坐标解算算法

理想情况下,双目立体视觉模型是平行放置的,三维坐标易于解算。但在实际安装摄像机的时候,光轴无法做到平行,标定所得的重投影矩阵和左右图像匹配都存在误差,影响了三维坐标解算精度。针对此种情况,对非平行双目结构三维坐标解算进行了深入的研究。传统的最小二乘法和归一化最小二乘法都是利用求解联立的超定方程组得到最优解,将最优解看作是空间物点的三维坐标,但是它们都没有考虑所建立的超定方程组所代表的几何意义。从几何学角度出发,推导出一种基于异面直线公垂线中点的三维坐标解算公式,通过在无人机平台上测距实验,验证了此方法比最小二乘法和归一化最小二乘法具有更高的精度。     

水下重力匹配定位算法综述

随着重力测量和水下导航技术的发展,惯性/重力匹配导航技术因其精度高、自主性强和航时长等优点,已成为水下自主导航的重要研究方向。惯性/重力匹配导航系统主要由惯性导航系统、重力实时测量、海洋重力场背景图和重力匹配定位算法构成。重力匹配定位算法通过将实时测量的重力异常值与构建的重力场背景图进行匹配,得到水下运载体当前时刻的位置信息,是惯性/重力匹配导航技术的核心。本文详细介绍了重力匹配算法的技术发展现状,重点分析了具有代表性的ICCP算法、SITAN算法、矢量匹配算法及其衍生算法,并对惯性/重力匹配水下自主导航技术的未来发展进行了展望。