数字射线成像空间分辨率的增强

成像空间分辨率是工业数字射线成像系统的重要技术指标,通过分析成像的物理过程,给出了成像过程的数学模型,进而得出影响数字射线成像空间分辨率的主要因素,并针对各种因素研究了相应的提高空间分辨率的方法.建立了成像系统的点扩展函数模型,给出了优化投影放大比的方法,提出了一种提高探测器采样频率和光电管采样孔径的硬件方法;采用了一种简便的方法抑制了散射对空间分辨率的影响;计算机模拟及实验结果验证了方法的有效性.     

广义质量的空间算子代数描述

应用空间算子代数理论，研究机械多体系统广义质量的结构特点，研究表明广义质量可初步表示为：M＝HφMφ*H*，并进一步表示为：M＝[I＋HφK]D[I HφK]^*，其逆矩阵可表示为：M^-1＝[I－HψK]^*D^-1[I-HψK]。这种表示与牛顿第二运动定律和欧拉定律相互对应，具有简洁的数学表达和明确的物理意义，广义质量是正，反向动力学的重要参量，是联系旋量力和旋量加速度的桥梁，其理论依根源自通过旋量整合的牛顿第二运动定律和欧拉定律，即d^2β/dt^2=M^tT′，旋量加速度等广义质量的逆左乘旋量力，据此可形成对旋量加速度的高效递推算法，并为下一时刻的φ，H，P，D，G，K等参数的正向动力学计算作准备。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN PLANAR JETS

INTRODUCTIONTurbulent jet flow is the most widely usedflow type in engineering applications especiallyfor combustion engines which provide most ener-gy sources for industrial production and trans-portation,and a large proportion of energy trans-portation and conversion processes is dominatedby transient evolution of large- scale structures,or so called coherent structures,in turbulentjets.As the flow control and optimization pro-cesses are closely related to the understanding ofdetailed in…     

激光空间流动显示及其应用

本文介绍激光空间流动显示技术及其在复杂流动中的应用。着重介绍了作者在激光诱导荧光流动显示(LIF)技术的研究和应用。较系统地讨论了若干原理和技术问题,并提供了一些实际应用的典型的流态照片。     

改进的宽带指向最小方差空间谱估计算法

宽带测向一直是阵列信号处理领域研究的难点。把指向最小方差宽带测向算法（STMV）应用到均匀线阵上，通过对阵列频域采样数据的空间协方差矩阵的估计和加权平均处理。给出了空间谱估计子的改进形式。与通常的信号子空间宽带测向算法相比。提出的算法不需要对波达方向进行预估计，因此避免了预估计误差对最终估计结果的影响。理论分析和仿真实验证明了测向算法的有效性。     

Seeing the Forest or the Trees? Shifting Categorical Effects in Map Memory

People use spatial and nonspatial information to structure memory for an environment. Two experiments explored interactions between spatial and social categories on map memory when mediated by retrieval (Experiment 1) and encoding (Experiment 2) demands. Participants studied a map depicting business locations (including proprietors' race). In Experiment 1, participants completed two memory tasks, one globally focused and the other locally focused. The global task compressed, while the local task expanded, within-category similarity. Furthermore, processing styles carried over to the subsequent task. Experiment 2 emphasized either the spatial or social category during encoding, which increased that category's weighting in memory. These results extend the work of Maddox, Rapp, Brion, and Taylor, suggesting that retrieval and encoding demands can shift how these categories affect spatial memory.     

Modelling Dynamic Spatial Systems in the Situation Calculus

Abstract

We propose and systematically formalise a dynamical spatial systems approach for the modelling of changing spatial environments. The formalisation adheres to the semantics of the situation calculus and includes a systematic account of key aspects that are necessary to realize a domain-independent qualitative spatial theory that may be utilised across diverse application domains. The spatial theory is primarily derivable from the all-pervasive generic notion of “qualitative spatial calculi” that are representative of differing aspects of space. In addition, the theory also includes aspects, both ontological and phenomenal in nature, that are considered inherent in dynamic spatial systems. Foundational to the formalisation is a causal theory that adheres to the representational and computational semantics of the situation calculus. This foundational theory provides the necessary (general) mechanism required to represent and reason about changing spatial environments and also includes an account of the key fundamental epistemological issues concerning the frame and the ramification problems that arise whilst modelling change within such domains. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that based on the structure and semantics of the proposed framework, fundamental reasoning tasks such as projection and explanation directly follow. Within the specialised spatial reasoning domain, these translate to spatial planning/re-configuration, causal explanation and spatial simulation. Our approach is based on the hypothesis that alternate formalisations of existing qualitative spatial calculi using high-level tools such as the situation calculus are essential for their utilisation in diverse application domains such as intelligent systems, cognitive robotics and event-based GIS.     

Exploring Regional Variation in Spatial Language Using Spatially Stratified Web-Sampled Route Direction Documents

Spatial language, such as route directions, can be analyzed to shed light on how humans communicate and conceptualize spatial knowledge. This article details a computational linguistic approach using route directions to study regional variations in spatial language. We developed a web-sourcing approach to collect human-generated route direction documents on a geographical scale. Specifically, we built the Spatially strAtified Route Direction (SARD) Corpus through automated scraping, classifying, and georeferencing of route directions. Based on semantic categories of cardinal and relative direction terms, the analysis of the SARD Corpus reveals significant differences and patterns on both national (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia) and regional (contiguous U.S. states) levels. Combining computational linguistics and georeferencing approaches offers the potential for extending classic spatial linguistic studies.     

Development of Landmark Knowledge at Decision Points

Two experiments investigated how people develop different landmark knowledge at decision points. Participants learned a route in a virtual city once or five times. One distinctive landmark was placed at each intersection of the route. At test, participants were released at each intersection according to the learning order and were required to determine the turning direction. At each intersection, the landmark was removed (no landmark), correctly placed (one landmark), duplicated on the other side (two identical landmarks), or misplaced from another intersection (two different landmarks) to disrupt the landmark sequence. The results suggested that humans develop different landmark knowledge (landmark knowledge for guidance, landmark knowledge for place recognition and knowledge of landmark sequence) with different navigation experience.     

一类垂足多边形的有向面积公式及其应用

给出圆内接多边形的垂足多边形的有向面积公式，并利用该公式获得圆内接多边形的垂足多边形和正多边形的垂足多边形的若干结果，从而推广了垂足三角形的一些结论。