基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

一种新颖的快速DOA估计算法

一次快拍空间FFT法运算量小,但抗噪声性能较差,易形成伪峰;多次平滑FFT法充分利用阵列多次快拍的所有数据,具有较好的抗噪声性能,抑制了伪峰的形成,但运算量较大。提出了自相关阵平滑空间FFT算法,其性能优于现有的自相关阵单列FFT,与多次平滑FFT法相当且易于实现,运算量较小。理论分析与仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

平稳色噪声背景下相干信源DOA估计的新算法

提出一种基于对称均匀线阵的波达方向(DOA)估计新方法.该算法在未知噪声协方差矩阵为复对称Toeplitz结构的情况下,利用空间差分方法和相干信源信息Toeplitz矩阵重构相结合,来处理同时存在相干、非相干信源的情况.该算法在提高阵列的信源过载能力的同时,可明显减小运算量.计算机仿真结果证明了算法的有效性和正确性.     

基于小波分析的空间相关性风场模拟

根据标量过程AR模型生成空间相关性风场的思路,在文献[1,2]的基础上,进行了基于小波分析的空间相关性风场的模拟.在对风速时程做出合理的假定后,给出了由互不相关的随机过程生成具有给定相关特性随机过程的推导步骤.利用逆快速Fourier变换(IFFT)改进了通过Wiener-Khintchine公式由功率谱密度函数得到自相关函数的计算方法,使计算效率显著提高.对空间四点和大庆电视塔进行了空间相关性风场的模拟,通过统计参数与目标值的对比可以看出,本文方法具有较高的精度.     

An annual variation analysis of the ionospheric spatial gradient over a regional area for GNSS applications

An ionospheric spatial gradient represents the ionosphere delay difference between different locations, and its variation over a specific area is important for implementing differential GNSS systems. An estimation method for the ionospheric spatial gradient over a small regional area is proposed. A plate map model is implemented for the direct estimation of the gradients. Nine years of GPS data were processed to figure out the annual variation of the mean gradient at the mid-geomagnetic latitude of 30° N. Gradients along the north–south direction have a mean of 0.65 mm/km and follow solar-cycle variations.     

Heading south with a north-up map: A choice processing analysis of map alignment effects

This study employed an information accumulation model of choice reaction times to investigate alignment effects in mental representations of maps. University students studied a map from a single orientation (with north at the top). In a subsequent two-choice reaction time task, the students’ spatial knowledge of the map was assessed employing spatial left/right judgments, which were made from imagined perspectives that were either north-aligned or south-aligned. Data showed a standard alignment effect, favoring north- over south-aligned trials. To examine the locus of this effect, data were fit using the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model of speeded decisions (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). Of interest were three model parameters: drift rate, the speed at which evidence accumulates toward a response; response threshold, the amount of evidence demanded from the decision maker before selecting a response; and non-decision time, the time consumed by pre- and postdecisional processes. The best-fitting model suggested that non-decision time accounted for the alignment effect. The difference in non-decision time between north and south-aligned judgments suggests a mental alignment stage on south-aligned trials, accounting for the longer reaction times for judgements misaligned with the presented north orientation of the map.     

Spatial memory exclusivity: Examining performance of multiple object-location memories

Research on location memory suggests that integration of separate sources of information does not occur when recalling the position of a common target object. In a relatively simple task, previous research shows no observable benefit from holding two spatial memories compared to one. It has been suggested that exclusively utilizing only one of two memories may account for this finding. The current research tests the robustness of this idea as well as an alternative in the form of an averaging approach to combining spatial information. The results suggest that exclusivity may not be the best account for performance of multiple object-location memories. Rather, memories may well combine in a manner similar to averaging, where information is available for each memory but combined in a nonbeneficial way.     

Investigating behavioural and computational approaches for defining imprecise regions

People often communicate with reference to informally agreed places, such as “the city centre”. However, views of the spatial extent of such areas may vary, resulting in imprecise regions. We compare perceptions of Sheffield’s City Centre from a street survey to extents derived from various web-based sources. Such automated approaches have advantages of speed, cost and repeatability. We show that footprints from web sources are often in concordance with models derived from more labour-intensive methods. Notable exceptions however were found with sources advertising or selling residential property. Agreement between sources was measured by aggregating them to identify locations of consensus.     

Spatial working memory is enhanced for movement experts in traditional and embodied tasks

Movement experts tend to outperform non-experts on some tasks of spatial ability, suggesting that movement experts possess enhanced spatial-cognitive abilities, which may be developed over years of practice. In the current study, movement experts (dancers and athletes) and non-experts completed one verbal working memory task and two spatial working memory tasks—a traditional Corsi block-tapping task and a new full-bodied version of the Corsi task, nicknamed the “Twister Task.” Movement experts outperformed non-experts on both the Corsi and Twister tasks but not on the verbal task, suggesting that movement experience may relate to spatial working memory specifically. Additionally, the Twister task significantly correlated with the traditional Corsi task, providing validation for a new measure of spatial working memory.     

The influence of object size on judgments of lateral separation

The size of a previously experienced object has a significant effect on depth judgments in visually sparse environments. The present research explored whether familiar object size also significantly influences judgments of lateral separation. Experiment 1 required participants to detect changes in lateral separation using a one-shot change detection paradigm with a closer/same/farther forced-choice response. Participants accurately detected changes in lateral separation, although concurrent changes in object size significantly reduced the accuracy of their judgments such that increases (or decreases) in object size caused a relative underestimation (or overestimation) of separation. Experiment 2 replicated these results using a distance reproduction methodology. These results indicate that familiar object size exhibits a significant effect on judgments of lateral separation.