CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

Solar and Solar-Wind Composition Results from the Genesis Mission

The Genesis mission returned samples of solar wind to Earth in September 2004 for ground-based analyses of solar-wind composition, particularly for isotope ratios. Substrates, consisting mostly of high-purity semiconductor materials, were exposed to the solar wind at L1 from December 2001 to April 2004. In addition to a bulk sample of the solar wind, separate samples of coronal hole (CH), interstream (IS), and coronal mass ejection material were obtained. Although many substrates were broken upon landing due to the failure to deploy the parachute, a number of results have been obtained, and most of the primary science objectives will likely be met. These objectives include He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios in the bulk solar wind and in different solar-wind regimes, and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹⁸O/¹⁷O/¹⁶O to high precision. The greatest successes to date have been with the noble gases. Light noble gases from bulk solar wind and separate solar-wind regime samples have now been analyzed. Helium results show clear evidence of isotopic fractionation between CH and IS samples, consistent with simplistic Coulomb drag theory predictions of fractionation between the photosphere and different solar-wind regimes, though fractionation by wave heating is also a possible explanation. Neon results from closed system stepped etching of bulk metallic glass have revealed the nature of isotopic fractionation as a function of depth, which in lunar samples have for years deceptively suggested the presence of an additional, energetic component in solar wind trapped in lunar grains and meteorites. Isotope ratios of the heavy noble gases, nitrogen, and oxygen are in the process of being measured.     

基于约简遗传规划的线参数模型及在航空发动机起动建模中的应用

提出了一种新的约简遗传规划(PGP)算法和一种新的基于约简遗传规划的航空发动机起动动态线参数模型.这种模型采用遗传规划产生航空发动机起动模型的输入输出非线性模型集,并以二叉树结构表征函数项,运用正交最小二乘算法(OLS)估计二叉树分支(基本函数项)对于模型精度的贡献并去除复杂、冗余的函数项,从而加快遗传规划的收敛速度,最后通过GP进化可获得简单、可靠、准确的线参数非线性模型.发动机起动过程试车数据建模和与支持向量机的比较证明,这种方法可以产生适用性好、解析性强的线参数非线性模型,产生的模型可获得与支持向量机相当甚至更优的结果.     

Effects of the Fabrication Processes of NC-Si:H Films on Their Mechanical Properties

Studies of nanoindentation were performed on nc-Si:H films to evaluate the effects of the fabrication processes on their mechani-cal properties. It is observed that with the decrease of the SiH4 contents, the grain size of the films increases gradually, and as does the crystalline volume fraction. The smaller the grains become, the more homogeneous the films, and the more even the hardness as well as the modulus will be. The hardness and the modulus will increase with the substrate’s temperature rising. The hardness and the modulus of the nc-Si:H films on the Si substrate prove to be higher than those on the glass substrate given the same technology parameters. How-ever, the films on the glass substrate appear to be more homogeneous.     

非线性主轴降维映射法在固体火箭发动机设计优化中的应用

为在二维或三维空间中表达固体火箭发动机高维设计空间,引入非线性主轴降维映射法对多维非线性设计优化问题进行降维处理。以某大型固体火箭发动机设计问题为例,将10变量4有效约束优化问题降维映射到二维空间进行研究,拟合的非线性主轴降维映射模型中,目标函数和约束函数的相对误差控制在1.5%以内。研究表明,非线性主轴降维映射法具有发现多变量非线性优化数学模型本征特性的特点,能对设计变量重要性排序;通过降维展示设计空间全景,为优化算法和优化初始点优选提供了直观、有力的工具;优化轨迹实时展示为优化算法性质研究及算法切换提供了依据;根据优化轨迹从优化结果在降维空间中的位置能够判断优化结果是否具有全局最优解特性。     

一种通量加权型紧致格式

将通量加权的思想引入到紧致格式中,构造了一个传统方法与紧致格式混合组成的加权型差分格式.利用该格式与二阶TVD格式分别计算了一维方波、组合波问题和一些黎曼问题,如Sod问题和Shu问题,以及一维定常激波问题.计算结果的比较表明加权格式无论在捕捉各种间断,还是在分辨各种复杂波系上,都具有较大的优势,并与精确解非常吻合.      

有源功率因数校正技术在脉冲电源设计中的应用

针对节能电火花加工脉冲电源的设计过程中应用了有源功率因数校正技术,电源系统的性能通过工艺试验得到了验证,整个节能电源系统的功率因数提高到0．95。     

航天器太阳电池阵驱动装置的新进展

通常长寿命三轴稳定卫星都采用帆板式太阳电池阵进行能源供应,并使用太阳电池阵驱动装置使电池阵对日定向。国际上从20世纪60年代开始,不断开发研制太阳电池阵驱动装置,以满足在大功率、小型化、适应恶劣环境等方面的特殊需求,经过几代的发展,取得了长足的进步。根据国内收集的相关信息和资料,通过介绍国际该领域的发展及对应需求的典型产品,尝试分析该领域中相应的应用、研究的重点及发展的方向。     

永磁同步电机驱动系统的反步与无源协调控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统中,只利用信号控制器或能量控制器难以兼顾良好的动态特性与较低的能量损耗,提出了基于信号与能量的协调控制策略。首先,利用反步法设计信号控制器,以加快系统的动态响应。然后,从能量的角度出发,利用无源控制中的Euler-Lagrange(EL)模型设计能量控制器,以降低系统稳态运行时的能量损耗。进一步设计协调函数,将信号控制器与能量控制器进行协调,从而构成协调控制器。另外,当负载转矩未知时,设计了负载转矩观测器用来估计负载转矩。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上对所设计的协调控制系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,所提出的协调控制策略能够充分结合信号控制器和能量控制器的优点,获得良好的动态和稳态性能,减小PMSM损耗。     

考虑系统扰动的永磁同步电机复合控制策略

提出一种结合滑模速度控制和扩展滑模扰动观测器的永磁同步电机复合控制策略。滑模速度控制采用新型趋近律设计,扩展滑模扰动观测器对系统内部参数摄动以及外部负载干扰进行准确估计。所设计的复合控制器通过系统扰动估计环节对控制系统中的综合扰动项进行实时估计,用以对速度控制环节进行前馈补偿,实现控制系统自抗扰控制。试验结果验证了所提出控制策略的有效性和可行性。