Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.     

无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制技术在血泵中的应用

针对血泵要求电机控制系统硬件电路简单、速度控制精确、稳定可靠等特点,本文论述了基于可编程逻辑芯片XC3S400的无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制系统,介绍了无位置传感器电机控制的反电势过零测转子位置、速度闭环控制.软件结合了增量式PID算法的优点,实现精确稳定的速度闭环控制.经过溶血与动物试验结果表明,本控制系统调速性能好、稳定可靠,对血泵溶血、动物试验的长期运行起到了很好的保障,该控制系统已应用于实际的产品中.     

混合场积分方程在开放结构散射分析中的应用

针对复合开放闭合结构电磁散射问题的矩量法求解,通过修改混合场积分方程的建立方式,将混合场积分方程扩展应用到这类开放结构,大大提高了求解效率,数值算例证明了该方法的精度和效率。     

A fault-tolerant triple-redundant voice coil motor for direct drive valves: Design, optimization, and experiment

A direct drive actuator (DDA) with direct drive valves (DDVs) as the control device is an ideal solution for a flight actuation system. This paper presents a novel triple-redundant voice coil motor (TRVCM) used for redundant DDVs. The TRVCM features electrical/mechanical hybrid triple-redundancy by securing three stators along with three moving coils in the same frame. A permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array is employed in each redundant VCM to simplify the system structure. A back-to-back design between neighborly redundancies is adopted to decouple the magnetic flux linkage. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is implemented to optimize design parameters based on the analytical magnetic circuit model. The optimization objective function is defined as the acceleration capacity of the motor to achieve high dynamic performance. The optimal geometric parameters are verified with 3D magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA). A research prototype has been developed for experimental purpose. The experimental results of magnetic field density and force output show that the proposed TRVCM has great potential of applications in DDA systems.     

长时间小过载条件下发动机流场特征及绝热层烧蚀分析

以揭示固体火箭发动机在飞行条件下绝热层的异常烧蚀特性为目的,针对小过载、长作用时间条件下大长径比流道的发动机开展了三维两相流场的数值模拟研究,详细分析了发动机内流道内不同区域的颗粒聚集特征,并结合发动机失效部位处绝热层的烧蚀形貌进行了失效模式分析,针对性地提出了改进措施.研究结果表明:(1)不同过载条件下发动机内颗粒聚集和分布状态受过载大小和发动机流道结构共同作用且影响规律复杂,所引起的绝热层异常烧蚀模式和机理不同,特别是小过载长作用时间条件下的异常烧蚀需要引起设计者重视.(2)颗粒聚集在绝热层表面的换热或冲蚀都将引起绝热层局部烧蚀加剧,形成的“凹坑或凹槽”烧蚀形貌会造成颗粒的二次聚集效应,进而加剧烧蚀过程.(3)通过增加发动机旋转动作和局部绝热层加厚,可以提高发动机的飞行安全性.     

一种力矩电机换向器成形方案的研究与实现

设计并实现了一种力矩电机用换向器的成形工艺,在大量工艺试验的基础上,对成形方案各关键技术,包括材料热处理参数、工艺尺寸计算、零件成形、组件粘接等给出了解决措施,并对各措施中使用的检测设备及成形模具进行了介绍。     

考虑高耗时约束的全电推进卫星多学科优化

为提高卫星系统整体性能与优化设计效率，本文采用多学科设计优化（MDO）方法进行全电推进卫星总体参数优化。主要考虑轨道转移、位置保持、空间环境、供配电、结构及质量六个学科，以整星质量最小为优化目标，考虑轨道转移时间等约束条件，建立了全电推进卫星MDO模型。提出一种基于增广拉格朗日乘子法的高效全局优化方法（ALM-EGO）以快速求解卫星MDO问题。标准数值算例对比研究表明，对于处理高耗时约束优化问题，ALM-EGO方法在全局收敛性与优化效率方面具有一定的优势。最后，采用ALM-EGO求解全电推进卫星MDO问题，优化后的全电推进卫星设计方案满足各类工程设计约束，实现整星减重161.09 kg，从而验证了本文所建立模型的合理性和ALM-EGO方法的有效性。     

Modeling and attitude control of CubeSat utilizing moving mass actuators

Any vehicle propelled by solid rocket motors (SRMs) must include an attitude control system capable of dealing with the torque generated by thrust misalignment. In order to expand the application of SRMs on CubeSats, an attitude control system utilizing moving mass actuators is discussed. The present research develops an eight-degree-of-freedom simulation model of a 2U CubeSat with two moving mass actuators. That model also considers the influence of propellant combustion processes. By analyzing the model disturbance source and systematic coupling, the key layout parameters are designed and a simplified control model is proposed. The controller is derived based on a combination of backstepping and sliding mode techniques. An orbit maneuver from 300 km circular orbit to 300 and 500 km elliptical orbit using this attitude control system is verified.     

小振幅振动翼型升力迟滞环变向的成因分析

在低雷诺数条件下研究了SD7037翼型小振幅强迫振动时，振动轴位置和减缩频率对翼型气动特性的影响。通过升力系数随时间变化曲线与迎角随时间变化曲线的对比，发现引起升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环变向的原因主要是升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位发生变化，并从数学上证明了这个相位是关于减缩频率的函数。而且，当升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位变大时，会使得对应的升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环曲线从逆时针向顺时针方向变化，这中间必然会经历一个"直线"过程，就好像迟滞现象消失了一样。进一步通过对比流场，发现振动轴位置和减缩频率对此相位的影响机制不同，振动轴位置主要改变翼型的有效迎角，而减缩频率的增大则影响了周围流场结构，使得附加质量带来的反作用力变大，进而提高升力，振动轴向前移动和减缩频率的增大都会增大升力系数曲线的相位。     

Ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field anomalies around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake

The ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field data were analyzed around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The results show that ground electric field anomalies occurred at 3 stations located to the north and south of the epicenter with the amplitude of 3–100 mV/km. The change shapes and their amplitude of ground electric field anomalies are different largely due to their individual underground layer conductivity, water level and so on. The analysis of long time series illustrates that the abnormal geoelectric field started since March 2008. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the ULF waveforms of electric field were collected and processed by wavelet transform method. The disturbances in the ionosphere were about 3–5 mV/m at a frequency band lower than 0.5 Hz. When the ground and space electric field anomalies were compared, their occurrence time and spatial distribution points are consistent with each other, including the long time anomalies from March 2008 and the short term ones 1–2 days before the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, the coupling mechanism was discussed.