基于未加权区域采样的直线反走样算法

直线作为组成图形的基本元素,其生成方法一直是计算机图形学研究的基础内容之一.针对非垂直且非水平直线在光栅图形显示器存在的走样现象,结合经典的Bresenham算法和未加权区域采样思想,提出一种新的反走样直线生成算法.相比于传统的未加权区域采样以及Wu算法,该算法主要利用整数加减运算完成直线的反走样,计算简单,利于FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)硬件实现.仿真结果表明:新算法的仿真速度约为传统未加权区域采样的3倍,与Wu算法仿真速度相当;利用Wu算法生成的直线平滑性较好,但是沿着直线方向的某些相邻像素灰度值相差较大,而新算法生成的直线不但平滑效果好,而且沿直线方向相邻像素灰度值相差不大,因此,相比于Wu算法,新算法反走样效果更佳.     

超音速喷管收缩扩张段匹配问题研究

超音速喷管由收缩和扩张两段组成,是高速风洞中获得超音速流动的重要部件。对于超音速喷管收缩段设计方法的研究较多,但尚未见到喷管收缩段的几种设计型面曲线如何与扩张段合理匹配问题的研究。针对以上的问题,利用CFD数值模拟方法对几种收缩曲线与扩张段匹配问题进行了计算。通过对计算结果进行对比分析,发现不同收缩曲线对超音速喷管内流有一定的影响,分析了流场特征,展示了马赫数在喷管内部的分布。     

基于MAP估计和广义高斯MRF的SAR图像边缘比率检测方法

SAR图像极低的信噪比以及乘性噪声给SAR图像的边缘检测带来了较大的困难。提出了一种针对SAR图像边缘的自适应贝叶斯检测方法。该方法利用广义高斯马尔可夫随机场作为局部均值的先验概率分布模型,利用贝叶斯准则推导了局部均值的最大后验概率估计。广义高斯马尔可夫随机场模型参数估计和局部均值估计采用联合迭代技术进行求解。边缘检测器的参数采用接收机操作性能曲线和卡方检验进行选择。基于实测SAR数据的仿真实验结果表明,本文的边缘检测算子是有效的,并优于已有的SAR图像边缘检测算子。     

An alternative computation of a gravity field model from GOCE

GOCE is the first satellite with a gravitational gradiometer (SGG). This allows to determine a gravity field model with high spatial resolution and high accuracy. Four of the six independent components of the gravitational gradient tensors (GGT) are measured with high accuracy in the so-called measurement band (MB) from 5 to 100 mHz by the GOCE gradiometer. Based on more than 1 year of GOCE measurements, two gravity field models have been derived. Here, we introduce a strategy for spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) from GOCE measurements, with a bandpass filter applied to the SGG data, combined with orbit analysis based on the integral equation approach, and additional constraints (or stabilization) in the polar areas where no observation is available due to the orbit geometry. In addition, we combined the GOCE SGG part with a set of GRACE normal equations. This improves the accuracy of the gravity field in the long-wavelength parts, due to the complementarity of GOCE and GRACE. Comparison with other models and with external data shows that our results are rather close to the GPS-levelling data in well-selected test regions, with an uncertainty of 4–7 cm, for truncation at degree 200.     

提高教学质量和学生竞争力——论数控技术专业教学内容和课程体系改革

当今社会,数控技术是制造业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础;本文阐述了在学院高职数控技术专业学生各项技能培养的教学改革实践中,加强“双师型”师资队伍的建设,重视教、学、做一体化的实训训练体系,从而提升数控技术高职专业教学改革的实际成效。     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

一种利用非均质多面体模型确定小行星附近引力场的方法

从力学的角度出发,如何准确地建立小行星附近的引力场模型是小行星研究中最为基础、最为关键的部分。提出一种基于多面体模型的模拟小行星附近引力场的方法。该方法的准确性一方面取决于多面体模型的精细程度,即模型分辨率,另一方面取决于勒让德级数的截断误差。选取均质小行星模型,求取其引力场并与使用原有多面体方法求得的引力场进行对比,以此验证本方法的可行性。通过对形状参数相同的均质、非均质多面体模型附近的引力场进行对比来说明非均质小行星引力场建模的重要意义。     

磁力矩器在磁洁净卫星平台中的应用技术研究

针对磁力矩器给磁洁净卫星平台带来较大磁场干扰的问题,提出磁力矩器在轨磁场干扰的评估和控制方法。按照磁力矩器产生的工作磁场、感应磁场和剩磁场的大小及特性,通过各类测试与分析研究,提出磁场干扰的控制措施,并总结出在磁洁净卫星平台的最优应用方案。结果表明磁力矩器产生的磁场干扰得到了有效控制,为工程使用解决了磁场干扰关键技术问题。     

小学门口放学期间的一个行人流模型

以小学放学时的行人流运动模式作为研究对象,研究该场景中的行人流特征。放学过程中,学校门口的行人流存在行人不均衡分布、行人按一定规则输入输出、行人成对行为、拥堵现象等特征。借助元胞自动机模型,在静态场基础上提出了一个行人流模型,并设计了一种基于下一步距离收益的算法。利用该模型对北京航空航天大学附属小学放学时学校门口的疏散行人流进行仿真,其仿真结果表明行人流输入率和初始分布人数对系统疏散效率有显著影响,平均疏散时间与初始分布人数呈现负相关的关系。      

碳纤维增强点阵夹芯结构的屈曲强度

考虑到点阵芯层的结构形式及杆单元以拉压为主的变形模式,基于连续介质等效理论,提出了一种全新的位移场假设,并以此编写了计算点阵夹芯复合材料屈曲强度的有限元程序.通过与不同试样的压缩试验的比较,对碳纤维增强点阵夹芯结构的屈曲行为进行了分析,并且验证了程序的有效性.同时,采用程序,讨论了点阵参数(包括杆单元长度、半径及倾斜角)对点阵夹芯复合材料结构屈曲强度的影响规律.结果表明:芯层体积分数相同的情况下,金字塔型和四面体型点阵夹芯结构的屈曲强度相差不大,后者略高.所得结论对点阵夹芯复合材料结构设计具有一定的指导意义.