飞机蒙皮拉伸成形工艺参数优化

拉伸成形是飞机板金的基本成形方法。结合蒙皮拉伸成形常见的缺陷及影响因素,简述了最优化理论结合数值模拟优化工艺参数的必要性。以双曲度蒙皮为例,分析了产生回弹的机理和影响因素。采用正交试验设计建立响应曲面,序列二次规划和混合整数优化相结合的优化算法,以厚度减薄率为约束条件,对成形工艺参数预拉伸率进行优化,并对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明优化拉形工艺参数后零件变形均匀程度提高,回弹减小了21.87%。     

An ensemble deep learning based shoreline segmentation approach (WaterNet) from Landsat 8 OLI images

Shorelines constantly vary due to natural, urbanization and anthropogenic effects such as global warming, population growth, and environmental pollution. Sustainable monitoring of coastal changes is vital in terms of coastal resource management, environmental preservation and planning. Publicly available Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Manager) images provide accurate, reliable, temporal and up-to-date information about coastal areas. Recently, the use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have become widespread. In this study, we used our public Landsat 8 OLI satellite image dataset to create a majority voting method which is an ensemble automatic shoreline segmentation system (WaterNet) to obtain shorelines automatically. For this purpose, different deep learning architectures have been utilized namely as Standard U-Net, Dilated U-Net, Fractal U-Net, FC-DenseNet, and Pix2Pix. Also, we have suggested a novel framework to create labeling data from OpenStreetMap service to create a unique dataset called YTU-WaterNet. According to the results, IoU and F1 scores have been calculated as 99.59% and 99.79% for the WaterNet. The results indicate that the WaterNet method outperforms other methods in terms of shoreline extraction from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images.     

高超声速飞行器表面气动热和粘性摩擦力计算

本文给出了高超声速飞行器表面摩阻和传热系数 (斯坦顿数 )的计算结果。采用两种方法平面切面法亦即二维边界层近似法和工程方法计算了飞行器高超声速绕流的粘性效应 ,并对两种方法的计算结果作了仔细的比较。由文可见 ,对于在稠密大气层内 ,沿轨道运行头速度恒定的高超声速有翼飞行器 ,能够用本文所采用的两种方法计算其表面摩阻和热载荷。此二法可成功地应用于绕复杂形状物体的流动参数计算。     

Multi-objective optimization of frequency and damping of vertical stabilizer skin structure placed with variable-angle tows

The vibration characteristics of composite vertical stabilizer skin structures play a critical role in damping effects designed for overcoming the air disturbances experienced by aircraft structural components during flight. The first-order fundamental frequencies and their corresponding damping characteristics of the vertical stabilizer skin structure tow-steered by automatic fiber placement technique were optimized with the parameterized trajectories and plies as design variables. Firstly, the vibration and damping numerical models were derived based on Kirchhoff laminate theory, the Rayleigh-Ritz method, and the Strain Energy Method. Then the optimization model was developed by adopting the self-adaptive Differential Evolution Multi-objective optimization algorithm and incorporating the solution method of Pareto Front. The constraints of this optimization model considered the experimentally obtained minimum turning radius of prepregs tow-steered in automatic fiber placement process obtained from experimental tests. Finally, the comparison of numerical simulation results was conducted for the optimized trajectories and the conventional straight trajectories under various boundary conditions, and the numerical results were partially validated through damping and frequency tests. The results indicate the vibration characteristics of the composite vertical stabilizer skin structure can be enhanced to a large extent by optimizing fiber trajectories, and the enhancement percentage is affected by the boundary conditions of the actual structure.     

微通道流动转捩数值模拟

应用CFD计算软件ANSYS CFX对水力直径为0.4mm的矩形截面微尺度通道中的气体流动进行了数值模拟.采用了3种流动模型,即γ-Re_θt转捩模型、层流模型和剪切应力输运（SST）模型,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比.模拟结果表明:层流模型及SST模型不具有预测转捩的能力;γ-Re_θt转捩模型捕捉到了临界雷诺数且摩擦因数相对误差在20%以下.在未达到临界雷诺数之前,通道后部已经出现局部湍流区,且局部湍流区随着雷诺数的增大而增大.壁面摩擦因数的最低点对应的流向位置与通道中前后湍流区的交结位置几乎一致.      

论展示环境的色彩设计

色彩是展示设计的重要组成部分,是创造展示环境气氛不可缺少的表现形式之一。本文从色彩的特性与色彩构成的艺术角度,对展示设计各方面的色彩搭配进行探讨。     

基于纹理特征多分辨双Markov-GAR模型的SAR图像分割

为了提高SAR图像分割精度,提出在以灰度共生矩阵产生的纹理统计量为特征所生成的图像上,同时考虑SAR图像像素间空间分布特征和局部灰度均值和方差等统计量给出多分辨双Markov框架下的GAR模型,采用多分辨MPM的参数估计方法及对应的无监督分割算法,对SAR图像进行纹理分割。实验结果表明该方法用于一些高分辨SAR图像,与基于灰度图像上的多分辨双Markov-GAR模型纹理分割相比,在分割精度上能降低分割时的错分率。     

基于颜色识别的自由飞行空间机器人姿态实时跟踪方法

自由飞行空间机器人是当前智能机器人研究中很活跃的领域，为了研究机器人在自由飞行状态下的运动控制及姿态规划问题，我们设计了地面实验平台，该系统的视觉部分主要完成机器人姿态跟踪及捕获目标的识别定位，为了达到实时跟踪的目的我们采用了基于颜色的识别定位方案。这种方法计算简单，快速，且易于实现。     

噪声图象的快速边缘提取与分割

噪声图象的快速边缘提取和分割是实时图象处理中的重要问题。本文提出了一种噪声图象快速边缘提取和分割算法。实验表明,这种方法具有很强的噪声抑制能力,且快速准确。     

底层隔板法流体壁面剪切力的测量研究

针对流体壁面剪切力测量难度较大的问题,研制了一种流体壁面剪切力测量元件的底层隔板法,并采用理论推导、数值计算和实验相结合的方法对其性能进行研究。通过公式推导,分析了元件用于流体壁面剪切力测量的原理,找出壁面剪切力和隔板前后压力差的函数关系。实验结果表明：元件隔板前后差压与测得的流体剪切力的幂次方成正比。数值计算结果表明：测量元件的敏感尺寸是迎风薄片高度,高度越大,校准曲线斜率越小,幂次系数越小,而正比例系数越大。对底层隔板法壁面剪切力系数特性的研究,为探索其免标定应用方法奠定了基础。