Economic effect of satellite communications based on the Great East Japan Earthquake

On 11 March 2011, an undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the largest ever recorded in Japan, occurred off the Oshika Peninsula on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The hypocentral region extended for 500 km in the north–south direction from Iwate Prefecture to Ibaraki Prefecture, and for 200 km in east–west direction. The earthquake generated a tsunami with a height of more than 10 m and a run-up height of up to 40.0 m in certain places, which inflicted devastating damage on the coastal areas of the Tohoku and Kanto regions. In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake caused shaking, liquefaction, subsidence, and the collapse of dams, causing major damage to vast areas in the Tohoku and Kanto regions and disrupting various types of infrastructure, including communication. In light of this unprecedented damage, satellite communications were important from various perspectives while terrestrial communications systems were damaged, and an objective evaluation of the role played by satellite communications is relevant to its future installation, adoption and use as a standalone or backup system. Furthermore, satellite communications can help reduce the extent of damage, particularly damage to communications systems, inflicted by strong earthquakes in the future. Accordingly, we report a preliminary quantitative evaluation of the role of satellite communications in the Great East Japan Earthquake, of the role of satellite communications if it becomes widespread, and of its expected role in future large-scale earthquakes in terms of the economic effect converted into cost.     

Lau效应在测量透镜焦距中的应用—基于几何光学的分析

本文以几何光学为基础,给出了Lau效应下透镜焦距的表达式,公式表明透镜焦距仅与光栅周期、两光栅之间的距离及透镜后焦面上的条纹间距有关。     

地效翼风洞试验支架干扰数值分析

对地效翼移动地面风洞试验研究中的支架干扰进行了数值模拟和分析。分别对独立地效翼,带支架的地效翼及独立支架进行了数值模拟,计算采用可实现的κ-ε模型,通过求解定常不可压N-S方程,得出地效翼及支架周围流场分布情况。对几组计算结果比较分析了支架和地效翼的空气动力及由于干扰引起的空气动力,发现支架与地效翼之间的相互干扰随着地效翼迎角的增大而增强,如果忽略流动干扰造成的空气动力变化,地效翼升力误差很小,但阻力误差相对较大。同时对有干扰下和没有干扰下的流场进行了对比,分析了支架对翼尖涡流动及绕机翼流动的干扰。翼尖涡在地效翼翼尖附近的发展在0．5犮范围内基本不受支架的干扰;除支架对流场产生干扰外,移动带区域以外的固定地面附近粘性流动也对绕地效翼流动有一定的影响。本研究分析了风洞试验结果的可靠性,为地效翼风洞试验优化设计和地面效应风洞试验研究提供了参考。     

考虑地面效应的翼型动态特性数值模拟

为了研究考虑地面干扰的飞行器非定常气动特性,基于滑移网格技术,通过求解二维非定常Euler方程,对不同近地高度下的NACA0012翼型的动态振动特性进行了数值模拟。分析了存在地面干扰时的升力系数以及俯仰力矩系数迟滞环变化,并结合强迫振动法,计算了翼型各个近地高度下的纵向组合动导数。结果表明,地面效应不仅对定常流场产生影响,更显著地影响了非定常气动力及力矩,近地高度越小,这种效应越明显,使得升力系数的迟滞环面积变小,幅值减小,而俯仰力矩系数的迟滞环变化不规律,力矩系数的动导数随着近地高度减小而增大(绝对值减小),纵向的动态稳定性产生损失。地面效应干扰在飞行器非定常气动研究中应该引起重视。     

光纤陀螺磁屏蔽效能仿真及实验研究

光纤陀螺处于磁场环境中会产生漂移,降低了光纤陀螺精度。光纤陀螺的磁场敏感性制约了其在高精度导航领域的应用。本文建立了光纤陀螺三维磁屏蔽仿真模型,给出了光纤陀螺磁屏蔽效能与磁屏蔽结构参数之间的关系并得到实验验证,为光纤陀螺磁屏蔽设计提供了依据。     

飞机油箱水锤效应研究方法及进展

油箱是飞机生存力研究中的关键部件,水锤效应是油箱的主要破坏方式之一。综述了国内外在水锤效应研究方面的三种不同方法,发现试验方法简单直接,却易受试验条件限制;理论分析方法由于引入过多的假设,适用范围有限;数值模拟方法操作简单,参数可控,但其准确性受材料本构参数的影响。单一地使用一种方法不能解决飞机油箱的水锤效应问题。本文在总结前人研究水锤效应的基础上,指出只有结合使用三种方法才能真正解决水锤效应问题,从而设计高生存力的油箱。     

基于XGBoost的航空器动态滑行时间预测方法研究

对航空器进港和离港滑行时间进行精确的动态预测,可以有效提升机场的运行效率。首次提出基于XGBoost 的航空器动态滑行时间预测方法,该方法首先通过分析影响机场滑行时间的各类因素,构建可变滑行时间预测的关键特征指标;然后选取XGBoost 算法建立可变滑行时间预测模型,对模型的关键输入参数进行测试调整;最后将XGBoos...     

化学平衡效应对冲压燃烧室性能潜力与工作过程关系的影响分析

为了研究化学平衡效应对冲压发动机燃烧室性能潜力以及工作过程关系的影响,分析了考虑和不考虑化学平衡效应的准一维分析方法获得的三种典型冲压燃烧室工作过程与性能潜力的差别。研究结果表明,化学平衡效应减小了燃料的燃烧效率、燃烧室所需扩张比以及比冲,改变了高飞行马赫数下燃烧室扩张比与性能的对应关系;不考虑化学平衡效应时,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲略优于双模态燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室和双模态燃烧室的最大比冲都出现在特征马赫数最小时;当考虑化学平衡效应时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲略优于亚声速燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲出现在特征马赫数1时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲在飞行马赫数4,5,6,7时分别出现在特征马赫数0.3,0.4,0.7和1.5附近;在高飞行马赫数时,应研究确切的化学反应过程,以确切协调燃烧室设计关系。      

Longitudinal variations of the ionospheric trough position

For the first time a comprehensive pattern of the longitudinal effect of the ionospheric trough position was obtained. We present new results with longitudinal variations of the winter trough position as a function of geomagnetic latitude for both hemispheres and conditions of high and low solar activity and all local time hours. We used a large observational data set obtained onboard the Kosmos-900, Interkosmos-19 and CHAMP satellites for quiet geomagnetic conditions. We found that a magnitude of the trough position longitudinal effect averaged for a fixed local time is greater in the daytime (6–8°) than in the nighttime (3–5°). The longitudinal effect magnitude reaches its maximum (16°) in the morning (at 08 LT) in the Southern hemisphere at high solar activity. But on certain days at any solar activity the longitudinal effect magnitude can reach 9–10° even at night. The shape of the longitudinal effect was found to differ significantly in two hemispheres. In the Northern hemisphere the trough is usually closest to the pole in the eastern (American) longitudinal sector, and in the Southern hemisphere the trough is closest in the western (Eurasian) longitudinal sector. The magnitude and shape of the longitudinal effect is also different during low and high solar activity. The Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) simulations demonstrate that during low solar activity, the longitudinal variations of the daytime trough position is mainly determined by longitudinal variations of the ionization function, formed due to the longitudinal variations in the solar zenith angle and the atomic oxygen density distribution. The longitudinal variations of the nighttime trough position is formed by the longitudinal variations in ionization of precipitating auroral particles, neutral atmosphere composition, and electric field.     

Evaluation of thermal effects on temperature-sensitive operating force of flow servo valve for fuel metering unit

The temperature-induced variation in operating force of flow control valves may result in performance degradation or even jam faults of fuel metering unit (FMU), which significantly affects the safety of aircrafts. In this work, an analytical modeling approach of temperature-sensitive operating-force of servo valve is proposed to investigate the temperature characteristics in varying temperature conditions. Considering the temperature effects, a new extended model of flow force is built and an analytical model of valve friction is also derived theoretically based on the dynamic clearance induced by thermal effects. The extremum condition of friction is obtained to analyze the characteristic-temperature points where jam faults occur easily. The numerical results show that flow force increases firstly and then decreases as temperature increases under a constant valve opening. The maximum friction of flow servo valve can be uniquely determined when the structural parameters and ambient temperature are given. The worst situation just happens at the characteristic-temperature points, which are linearly related to the axial temperature gradients of valve spool. Such evaluations may give an explanation for the temperature-induced jam faults of vulnerable valves and provide a reference for designers to determine a suitable working-temperature range of valves in practice.