金属切削中的Bridgman效应与Merchant切削方程式

本文运用经典力学与金属微观力学原理相结合的方法,分析了金属在切削过程中切削塑性变形的特点,证明了切削过程中的Bridgman效应较在一般材料试验中显著得多,在此基础上得到了关于Merchant切削方程式的新的评价与认识,指出了用Merchant切削方程式解释大量试验结果的可能性与合理性.     

康普顿散射对X射线热激波破坏效应的影响

本文应用ＧＲＡＹ三相物态方程及Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ数值模拟方法，计算并讨论了康普顿散射对Ｘ射线热激波及其破坏效应的影响。计算结果表明，对较硬的Ｘ射线谱（１５ｋｅＶＰｌａｎｃｋ谱），康普顿散造成量沉积与热击波峰压明显下降，在ＬＹ－１２铝中，能量沉积的相对差△Ｅ（ｘ）／Ｅ（ｘ）可达９％－２２％，热击波峰压的相对差△ｐｍ（ｘ）／ｐｍ（ｘ）约为１２％。     

电离层离子丰度对哨声传播经度效应的影响

Iss-b卫星探测结果表明,|电离层离子丰度呈现经度变化.本文选取较真实的电离层模型参数,对130°E和114°E两个子午面内传播的低纬哨声进行了射线跟踪.我们发现,由于[O~+],[He~+]和[H~+]决定的电子浓度垂直梯度的经度变化,导致哨声传播特性的经度效应,使得130°E比114°E内传播的低纬哨声更好地满足透射条件:|μsinδ|≤1.与电子浓度的水平梯度的影响比较,离子丰度决定的电子浓度垂直梯度随经度的变化使哨声传播产生的经度效应明显得多.武昌(地理30.5°N,114.6°E;地磁19.3°N).和鹿儿岛(31.5°N,130.8°E;20.5°N)两台站观测到的哨声出现率的经度效应证实了本文的理论预言.     

A unifying approach in simulating the shot peening process using a 3D random representative volume finite element model

Using a modified 3D random representative volume (RV) finite element model,the effects of model dimensions (impact region and interval between impact and representative regions),model shapes (rectangular,square,and circular),and peening-induced thermal softening on resultant critical quantities (residual stress,Almen intensity,coverage,and arc height) after shot peening are systematically examined.A new quantity,i.e.,the interval between impact and representative regions,is introduced and its optimal value is first determined to eliminate any boundary effect on shot peening results.Then,model dimensions are respectively assessed for all model shapes to reflect the actual shot peening process,based on which shape-independent critical shot peening quantities are obtained.Further,it is found that thermal softening of the target material due to shot peening leads to variances of the surface residual stress and arc height,demonstrating the necessity of considering the thermal effect in a constitutive material model of shot peeing.Our study clarifies some of the finite element modeling aspects and lays the ground for accurate modeling of the SP process.     

View makes a difference: Presenting human figures from the back or front affects mental spatial transformations of children and adults

Previous research suggested that performance in spatial judgments involving rotated human figures is poorer if these figures are presented from the front than from the back. We further investigated this effect, controlling for visible facial information in front and back view by presenting figures' faces as profile. Children's and adults' judgments were still faster and less error prone if figures were presented from the back. Moreover, reaction times indicated that participants did not mentally rotate figures in front view. Children performed overall more poorly than adults, but there were also qualitative differences suggesting that children are more susceptible to embodiment effects than adults. This study underlines that embodiment may have differential effects in spatial transformation tasks, enhancing or impairing performance.     

Some features of disturbed rotational motion of a satellite with a strong onboard magnet

A disturbed rotational orbital motion of an asymmetrical satellite with a strong magnet in the geomagnetic field is considered. It is shown that operating disturbances result in appearing of non-resonant phenomena in the satellite rotation caused by resonance effects.     

经验公式与施肥效果分析的数学模型

本文利用数据拟合等方法讨论了一个数学建模问题:施肥效果分析,给出了两种模型,每种模型又都讨论了产量模型和效益模型。     

土地征用制度研究——基于利益视角

土地征用中会出现种种的问题,最主要的可以概括为利益与利益之间的冲突问题、公平与效率问题、土地资源的可持续发展问题。解决以上问题主要应从具体制度上做出相应的安排。如规范政府征地行为制度、界定公共利益制度、严格行政征收权限和程序制度、明确土地产权制度、完善补偿安置制度。     

GPS接收抗多径效应技术综述

多径效应是GPS测量尤其是差分GPS主要的误差来源,会引起定位精确度的恶化,导致系统性能的下降。分析了多径误差对GPS定位的影响并给出了几种通用的GPS抗多径技术,并分析了其优缺点。     

尾流撞击效应在低速轴流压气机中应用实验研究的初探

通过改变尾流撞击效应扰流耦合器的叶片数目来改变尾流撞击效应的激励频率,从而研究其对压气机稳态性能的影响。通过12组方案的实验,当尾流撞击频率为2 000 H z和4 000 H z时,对压气机失速裕度的改善最为明显,相对增量分别达到19.5%和15.2%;当尾流撞击频率为1 000 H z时压气机性能有所恶化。并得到转子的分离流特征频率约为2 000 H z。也就是说,激励频率为特征频率及其倍频时流场可获得最好的气动性能,而激励频率为特征频率的1/2时流场的损失最大。此外,初步讨论了尾流撞击效应作用机理及激励频率与性能提高的关系,这就为轴流压气机中两种流态转化的工程应用,特别是多级轴流压气机设计中的级间匹配问题提供了一个新的思路与途径。