腐蚀环境下铜薄膜传感器金属结构裂纹监测

铜薄膜传感器在飞机金属结构损伤监测过程中,将长期面临大气腐蚀环境的影响。针对此背景,研究了铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下的耐蚀性能,及腐蚀后的疲劳裂纹监测性能。首先,采用脉冲偏压多弧离子镀技术在不同弧电流和基体负偏压水平下制备了一系列铜薄膜,对其耐蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,在弧电流60 A和基体负偏压250 V时沉积的铜薄膜耐蚀性能最佳。然后,结合耐蚀性能最佳的沉积工艺参数,在2A12-T4铝合金中心孔板试件上制备了同心环状铜薄膜传感器阵列,并开展了盐雾腐蚀试验。最后,对腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器进行了疲劳裂纹监测试验。结果表明:铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下具有良好的耐蚀性能,耐蚀时间达1 000 h;腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器对裂纹变化敏感,能实现对裂纹定量监测,监测精度为1 mm,监测结果具有良好的可重复性。     

感应式脉冲等离子体推力器技术综述

摘要： 综合文献及作者研究实践,介绍了感应式脉冲等离子体推力器的原理和特点.从国外研究机构与项目、推力器组件和系统集成实验、工作机理数值仿真等方面,总结和评述了达到的技术状态与认识.最后梳理了面临的技术挑战,提出了可能的解决途径.     

镁基水反应金属燃料发动机性能分析方法与试验验证

采用一维两相多组分反应流法,对镁基水反应金属燃料发动机进行了性能分析,计算得到了稳态工作时发动机流场参数分布、液滴蒸发过程及性能参数。通过试验验证了程序的可行性和可信性,分析了产生误差的原因。提出了采用实际测量温度和燃烧效率对燃气入口条件进行修正的方法,减小了模型计算误差。采用修正模型计算了发动机性能随一次水燃比变化规律,计算结果表明存在最佳一次水燃比。研究结果对发动机设计和性能分析具有参考价值和实际意义。     

兆瓦级空间核电源碱金属朗肯循环热电转换系统设计

为解决火星探测任务中存在的星表供电问题,制定了以空间液态金属朗肯循环作为星表基地热电转换模块的任务规划,采用Simulink模块化建模方法对空间液态金属朗肯循环模型进行程序化描述.根据空间朗肯循环各部件的耦合标准,建立系统部件及总体控制仿真模型,重点研究变运行条件下循环输出功率的波动.研究表明:在本文各工况下,朗肯循环...     

面向航天应用的液态金属相变传热性能研究

为探究液态金属相变材料的适用范围，本文使用数值模拟手段，比较分析了以镓为代表的低熔点金属与以正十八烷为代表的石蜡类相变材料之间的传热性能。结果表明，镓更适用于应对瞬时高热流冲击，即高热流、短时间工作的电子设备散热；而正十八烷适用于低热流、较长时间工作的电子设备控温。此外，单位体积相变材料，镓模块的热控时间长于正十八烷模块；单位质量相变材料，镓模块在短时间内占优，长时间内正十八烷模块占优。针对潜在应用场景进行分析，表明了液态金属相变材料可用于航天天线TR组件和激光器芯片控温。     

A novel method of utilizing static mixer to obtain mixing homogeneity of multi-species powders in laser metal deposition

Real-time mixing of multi-species powder challenges Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). The current work proposes a novel method of using a static mixer to realize rapid, uniform multi-species powder mixing. Firstly, copper powder and 316L stainless steel powder are selected to complete the powder mixing observation experiment with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Secondly, computational fluid dynamics and particle mixing simulation models are used to analyze the flow field and particle motion characteristics in the static mixer. Finally, LMD experiment and metallographic observation are carried out with 316L stainless steel powder and WC powder to verify the feasibility of the static mixer. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for powder mixing in laser processing with a static mixer. The conclusions can also be applied to other processing fields requiring real-time and uniform mixing of multi-species powders.     

基于液体金属的接触PIM抑制方法和实验验证

接触非线性是射频设备和电路中产生无源互调（passive intermodulation，PIM）信号的重要原因之一。基于对接触结点射频等效电路的分析，提出了一种基于共晶镓铟合金（eutectic gallium-indium，EGaIn）的PIM抑制方法。EGaIn不同于传统的焊锡，它可以在室温下实现接触结位置上的稳定、可重构连接。首先分析了射频（radio frequency，RF）下的金属接触结的电路模型。其次设计并实现了两个包含不同金属接触结构且工作在2.6GHz的平面倒F天线（planar inverted F antenna，PIFA）。最后比较了EGaIn焊接前后PIFA的互调水平，其中对PIM指标的最大抑制程度为35dB。验证了EGaIn可以在室温下对PIFA的接触结点进行可重构焊接，这为电连接中的非线性抑制提供了一种参考方法。     

Development and coupling test of active spacecraft potential control – Next generation (ASPOC-NG)

The active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) system developed in the 1990s emits positive ions to neutralise the spacecraft potential, such as used in several missions like Geotail, Equator-S, Cluster, Doublestar and MMS. With the experience gained, the next generation of the active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC-NG) instrument has been developed over the last three years. Thereby, three emission technologies were tested including Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS), Liquid Metal Electron Source (LMES) and Solid Metal Electron Source (SMES). The development of the emitter module by FOTEC and the corresponding electronics control unit by IWF is presented. Optimisations were carried out with the focus on the reduction of mass and power consumption to comply with the requirements of future scientific missions. Coupling tests of the modules and the electronics control unit were performed including range, accuracy and lifetime tests. Both ASPOC-NG instruments for positive and negative charge compensation and their performance values show excellent results.     

Deployment of SMP Miura-ori sheet and its application: Aerodynamic drag and RCS reduction

Origami, such as Miura-ori, is the art of folding two-dimensional materials into complex, elaborate, and multifunctional three-dimensional objects. In this paper, SMP MO sheet are prepared, and the accuracy of deployable process is verified by experiments. The folding and deployable process of SMP MO sheet is divided into 4 stages, and each stage is described in detail. The stiffness of smart deployable stage is characterized by an exponential decline at the beginning and a gradual decrease to 0, and this is similar to the theoretical shear equivalent modulus in the Y direction. The effects of various parameters on strain and stress are also explored. The purpose of studying these mechanical characteristics is to provide driving force reference in application; In terms of application, the flow field and electromagnetic characteristics of MO sheet in different directions are studied. The aerodynamic drag and RCS reduction of MO unit cell and graded MO sheet during the deployable process are evaluated. When the dihedral fold angle is about 45°, the RCS reduction and drag reduction characteristics of MO sheet are relatively optimal, which is most beneficial to morphing aircraft.     

中弧线角度分布对跨音叶栅特性影响研究

中弧线角度分布形式对压气机叶片表面等熵马赫数分布具有重要的影响。为了对比不同压气机叶型的流动特征，采用数值模拟和平面叶栅试验相结合，对两种中弧线角度分布形式的跨音叶型在不同来流工况下的气动特性展开了详细研究。结果表明：在设计点，前加载配合均匀加载的中弧线角度分布叶型能够消除叶片吸力面的局部超音区，与前加载的中弧线角度分布叶型相比，叶片表面等熵马赫数分布更加饱满。其次，前加载配合均匀加载叶型能够推迟叶片吸力面的涡层失稳，减弱了吸力面分离涡与端壁分离涡的耦合作用，进而改善了端区的流动状况，截面平均总压损失系数降低了8.2%。最后，对非设计工况下两种中弧线角度分布的气动特性进行了分析，随着来流马赫数的降低，两种中弧线角度分布叶型的损失差异逐渐减小，均具有较优的气动性能。来流速度对叶片表面等熵马赫数、损失分布和分离面形状特征影响较小，仅影响叶片表面等熵马赫数和损失数值大小。