A new stationary droplet evaporation model and its validation

The liquid droplet evaporation character is important for not only combustion chamber design process but also high-accuracy spray combustion simulation.In this paper,the suspended droplets' evaporation character was measured in a quiescent high-temperature environment by micro high-speed camera system.The gasoline and kerosene experimental results are consistent with the reference data.Methanol,common kerosene and aviation kerosene droplet evaporation characteristics,as well as their evaporation rate changing with temperature,were obtained.The evaporation rate experimental data were compared with the prediction result of Ranz-Marshall boiling temperature model (RMB),Ranz-Marshall low-temperature model (RML),drift flux model (DFM),mass analogy model (MAM),and stagnant film model (SFM).The disparity between the experimental data and the model prediction results was mainly caused by the neglect of the nat ural convection effect,which was never introduced into the droplet evaporation concept.A new droplet evaporation model with consideration of natural convection buoyancy force effect was proposed in this paper.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the calculation results of the new droplet evaporation model were agreed with the experimental data for kerosene,methanol and other fuels,with less than 20％ relative deviations.The relative deviations between the new evaporation model predictions for kerosene and the experimental data from the references were within 10％.     

剪切载荷作用下复合材料加筋壁板蒙皮屈曲

对复合材料加筋壁板在剪切载荷作用下的稳定性进行研究,应用PATRAN & NASTRAN软件对加筋壁板建立有限元模型进行屈曲分析,将工程分析方法四边简支条件下的蒙皮剪切屈曲载荷计算结果与加筋惯性矩刚好满足最小惯性矩要求的加筋壁板蒙皮剪切屈曲有限元仿真结果进行对比,结果吻合良好.此有限元模拟方法所得结果可以为蒙皮剪切屈曲系数的确定提供参考.改变加筋壁板加筋尺寸,研究剪切载荷作用下不同加筋尺寸对加筋壁板蒙皮屈曲的影响.     

临界剪切应力系数曲线适用性研究

曲板的屈曲问题与材料的弹性模量和泊松比有关,对于机身蒙皮材料2060-T8E30,曲板临界剪切应力系数曲线的适用性有待研究。基于Abaqus的线性静力分析中的Buckle算法,以机身蒙皮材料2060-T8E30建立了多种构型曲板,对比有限元分析值和曲板临界剪切应力系数曲线,通过分析误差,得出结论:对于2060-T8E30材料,可以认为d/h=1.5的ks(曲板临界剪切应力系数)曲线相比有限元分析值偏高,误差不大于15%;d/h=2的ks曲线相比有限元分析值偏高,误差不大于20%;d/h=3.5的ks曲线相比有限元分析值偏高,误差不大于35%。在飞机机身结构常用的参数,即d/h=3.5,Z≤20的情况下,当Z10时,ks曲线的适用性较好,误差不大于10%;当10Z≤20时,ks曲线相比有限元分析值偏高,误差不大于20%。     

Adelaide地区大气重力波的气辉观测

利用澳大利亚Adelaide(34.5°S,138.5°E)地区7年(1995-2001年)的OH和OI气辉观测数据,以及同地区中频雷达所测背景风场数据,通过最大熵谱分析方法,统计分析了该地区大尺度重力波的传播特性.结果表明,(1)在中层顶气辉观测区,利用OH气辉探测到48个重力波事件,利用OI气辉探测到29个重力波事件,这些重力波的周期和水平相速度分别集中在68 min和36 m/s左右,具有东南向的优势传播方向,平均仰角为8°～10°,接近水平方向传播;(2)通过OH气辉和OI气辉观测到了同一个重力波事件,并根据两个高度上观测到的扰动相位差判断该重力波为上行波.      

蛇形进气道地面工作状态附面层抽吸试验研究

对一种蛇形进气道开展了地面工作状态下的抽吸试验研究,结果表明,在该状态下进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数较低、流场畸变较大。为此,本文采用附面层抽吸技术对其进行了地面抽吸状态下的流场控制试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)地面工作状态下,随着出口马赫数的增加,蛇形进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数不断下降,而稳态周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数均上升,稳态径向畸变指数变化不大。本研究的蛇形进气道在出口马赫数为0.45时,总压恢复系数为0.90,综合畸变指数为13.85%,总压恢复较低,畸变较大,超出了一般航空发动机的承受范围。(2)与原型方案的地面抽吸试验结果相比,采用附面层抽吸技术后,进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数得到了提高。在出口马赫数为0.45,相对抽吸量为0.043时总压恢复系数提高了2.6%。     

圆柱尾涡/边界层相互作用中二次涡特性研究

应用流动显示的方法研究水槽中上游圆柱绕流尾涡与平板边界层的相互作用,发现边界层外的尾涡可以诱导边界层内流体产生新的二次涡结构,对二次涡的产生条件、形成机理和演化规律进行了探讨.结果表明:尾涡/二次涡的相互作用是尾涡与边界层相互作用的核心,尾涡涡脱落St数的变化、尾涡反弹现象、边界层内二次涡的产生和尾涡/二次涡相互作用的不同形态等均与无量纲参数yc/D有关(yc为圆柱距离平板的法向位置,D为圆柱直径),并可以此参数对尾涡/边界层相互作用的特性进行分区.     

超声速边界层三维扰动引起小激波的数值研究

通过直接数值模拟的方法,研究了M=4.5的超声速边界层中三维扰动的演化。以某一剖面为入口,加入一个及一对三维T-S波,发现随展向波数的增加,扰动幅值的增长率逐渐减小,证实了M=4.5的超声速边界层中,当三维扰动达到一定幅值时会有小激波出现,为建立可压缩流动稳定性理论提供了依据。     

非轴对称静子对压气机气动性能的影响

为降低进气畸变对压气机气动性能的影响,设计了 1种压气机非轴对称静子,并对设计方案开展数值模拟研究。仿真结果表明:在最高效率工况下,非轴对称静子能减小畸变区静叶的流动分离,缩小叶尖低密流区域,提升通道的流通能力,压气机的最高效率约增加 0.46%,此外,畸变区叶片进口气流角得到改善,在 90%叶高处的峰值气流角降低 2.5°;在近失速工况下,非轴对称静子能降低畸变区静叶上半叶高的扩压因子,缩小分离范围,虽略微恶化了叶根区域流场,但压气机整体气动性能与流通能力有所提升,能够在更低的流量下工作,稳定裕度增加 31.5%。     

阳极层霍尔推力器的阳极分段形式对内磁极刻蚀速率的影响

由于推力器内径向电势和等离子体的分布会影响轰击推力器器壁离子的运动,本文通过阳极的不同分段形式来改变推力器内电势分布,进而研究推力器阳极的不同分段形式对内磁极的刻蚀速率分布。首先利用PIC方法研究入射离子的数量和能量分布,接着对内磁极内表面和上表面的刻蚀速率进行仿真计算。由结果可知：入射到内磁极两个面上的离子数量和能量,都是在三分段阳极时达到最大值,其他三种情况偏低。对于内磁极内表面和上表面的刻蚀速率也是在三分段阳极时最大,其次是单阳极,而二、四分段阳极时的刻蚀速率最小。最后通过单阳极和二分段阳极时刻蚀速率的试验结果对比,验证了此研究结果的正确性,为下一步提高推力器的寿命研究提供了参考数据和研究方法。     

Strong interactions of incident shock wave with boundary layer along compression corner

The coherent structure and instability of the interaction of incident shock wave with boundary layer developing on a compression corner are experimentally studied. The experiments are carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of Mach number 2. Particular attention is paid to shock patterns and unsteady shock motions induced by the separation bubble. The high-speed schlieren is used to visualize the flowfield evolution and to characterize the instability. The snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren sequences is applied to investigate the primary coherent structure in the flowfield. Fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transformation are applied to characterize the instability. The results show that there are large-scale low-frequency oscillations of the shock waves and small-scale high-frequency pulsations in the separation region. The peak frequency of shock oscillation is mainly concentrated in the range of 100–1000 Hz. The pulsation of the small flow structure in the separation bubble is mainly concentrated above 12.5 kHz. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the preliminary mechanism of the large-scale instability of such interaction is obtained.