主流压力梯度对气膜孔流量系数影响机理

测量了主流零压力梯度、正压力梯度及负压力梯度条件下气膜孔流量系数,分析了主流压力梯度对气膜孔流量系数的影响机理.结果显示:正、负压力梯度的存在对气膜孔流量系数的影响幅度最大值分别为22%及26%.主流压力梯度会对喷出气流施加弯转作用及挤压作用,同时也会改变喷出气流与近壁面主流的掺混作用,从而影响气膜孔流量系数.挤压作用使喷出气流管变细而增加喷出气流的流动损失;弯转作用主要影响喷出气流的流动轨迹,正压力梯度下弯转作用使喷出气流的轨迹靠近壁面而远离其自由喷射方向增加流动损失,负压力梯度的作用则相反;掺混作用会增加喷出气流的动量消耗,正压力梯度对掺混有抑制作用,从而减少喷出气流用于掺混的动量损失,负压力梯度则相反.      

洞映射方法的研究和改进

针对传统洞映射方法存储大的缺点,对"广义封闭"的概念进行扩展,提出了最小洞映射方法,该方法允许挖洞曲面结束于网格截断面,有效缩小了洞映射区域,节省了存储开销.对适用于广义封闭的洞映射单元识别方法进行了分析,指出了用物面信息判断映射单元属性可靠性较差.发展了一种新的特别适合广义封闭问题的识别方法:"Inverse mark",使用计算网格结点信息自动识别洞外单元,再作为初始点在网格内部推进.研究表明:"Inverse mark"方法计算效率高,可靠性好,自动化程度高,有效提高了重叠网格方法对缝隙等局部复杂结构的适应性     

缩扩孔对孔板气膜冷却效果的数值研究

从加强气膜孔内的换热量和孔板热侧的气膜覆盖两个角度来提高气膜孔壁的冷却效果,通过对气膜孔孔型的改进,提出了缩扩型气膜孔型结构,数值计算结果表明收缩进气可以强化孔内的对流换热;而扩张出气则可以使冷气出口的速度降低,气膜覆盖面更广,提高气膜的覆盖效果.与扩张孔相比,所提出的缩扩型孔在较低的吹风比下有利于改善冷却效果,而在大吹风比下则对冷却不利;然而与普通圆柱型孔相比,缩扩型孔在任何吹风比下均能改善冷却效果.      

复杂空冷叶片换热特性研究

为了深入了解空冷透平动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,对某重型燃机透平动叶进行了气-热耦合数值模拟。结果表明,叶尖开孔可以促进冷气在蛇形通道中的流动,改善冷却效果;涡流矩阵通道中子通道的宽度与高度比减小会加大涡流矩阵通道中的流动阻力,从而改变冷却的效果,其宽高比与冷气进口条件存在一个最佳组合关系;涡流矩阵通道结构与叶尖之间的间隙会降低冷气的利用率。     

内孔结构对旋转空化发生器水力特性的影响

空化普遍存在于工业生产、舰船推进、航空航天等领域.使用高速相机对闭式循环试验台的旋转空化发生器内部流动进行试验观测,然后基于RNG k-s湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型开展了旋转空化发生器流场的数值模拟.结果表明数值模拟结果与试验观测数据吻合较好,验证了本文数值模拟方法的准确性和可靠性.受离...     

加工钛合金大口径深盲孔的研究

钛合金属难加工材料,其深孔加工的难度更为突出,加工质量不易保证。本文通过实验对比,对加工钛合金大口径深盲孔中出现的偏孔、切屑堵塞、切削振动、刀具破损等主要问题进行了分析,提出了解决办法,得出了切削用量的优化参数。由于钛合金的化学亲和作用,深孔加工刀具的导向条表面易于粘附,结果拉伤已加工表面,造成表面粗糙度上升。加大导向条与孔壁的间隙虽可减少导向条表面的粘附,但同时会引起切削振动的加剧。针对这一矛盾,本文着重对加工刀具的导向条分布、导向条与孔壁的间隙以及导向条的选材方面进行了探讨,提出了以非金属导向条代替硬质合金导向条进行钛合金深孔精加工的方法,使得已加工表面的粗糙度大大降低。这些研究结果对实际加工具有一定的指导作用。     

基于流体网络法的喷管冷却气流量分配计算方法

流体网络法对喷管气膜冷却问题具有独特的优势,但难以反映出入流对冷却气流道静压变化的影响。针对此引入了可反映出入流导致静压变化的管道元件,并基于孔口速度落后角对静压变化量进行了建模。验证算例表明,这一改进使沿程静压变化趋势与实际吻合较好,使冷却气流量分配计算误差降低到0.5%以下。将改进后的流体网络法与主流通道的计算流体力学模拟耦合用于分析喷管冷却气流量分配,与全计算流体力学模拟相比结果差异小于1.2%,且大幅降低计算量;在某型喷管设计中的应用表明,可以有效反映冷却结构改变对冷却气流量分配的影响。      

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.