高温高速气流总焓接触测试法对比分析

发动机尾焰、燃烧加热、电弧加热器等高温高速气流总焓测量存在较大误差,采用结构优化的质量吸入水冷焓探针,标定后的驻点热流和驻点压力探针(Fay-Riddell公式法)对高温高速气流总焓进行了对比测试。结果表明:焓值为2.5~5 MJ/kg时,焓探针的测试误差约为3.38%,采用Fay-Riddell公式法获得焓值的误差约为3%。焓探针与Fay-Riddell公式法平均偏差约为4.65%。在地面模拟试验时采用两种测焓方法确定测试精度,对减小高温高速气流测焓误差,提高试验模拟精度具有积极的作用。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

Sensitivity analysis of flowfield modeling parameters upon the flow structure and aerodynamics of an opposing jet over a hypersonic blunt body

Implementation of an opposing jet in design of a hypersonic blunt body significantly modifies the external flowfield and yields a considerable reduction in the aerodynamic drag. This study aims to investigate the effects of flowfield modeling parameters of injection and freestream on the flow structure and aerodynamics of a blunt body with an opposing jet in hypersonic flow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model are employed to simulate the intricate jet flow interaction. Through utilizing a Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method to construct surrogates, a functional relation is established between input modeling parameters and output flowfield and aerodynamic quantities in concern. Sobol indices in sensitivity analysis are introduced to represent the relative contribution of each parameter. It is found that variations in modeling parameters produce large variations in the flow structure and aerodynamics. The jet-to-freestream total-pressure ratio, jet Mach number, and freestream Mach number are the major contributors to variation in surface pressure, demonstrating an evident location-dependent behavior. The penetration length of injection, reattachment angle of the shear layer, and aerodynamic drag are also most sensitive to the three crucial parameters above. In comparison, the contributions of freestream temperature, freestream density, and jet total temperature are nearly negligible.     

端壁抽吸对压气机叶栅间隙泄漏流控制策略的研究

为了研究压气机机匣端壁抽吸对间隙泄漏流动控制的可行性和有效性,以高负荷压气机叶栅为研究对象,通过数值模拟方法对不同抽吸位置和抽吸流量率控制参数下的计算工况进行了对比和分析。研究结果表明:端壁抽吸可以直接地影响叶尖泄漏流的结构形态和存在形式,减弱叶尖泄漏流的强度和影响范围,进而提升压气机叶栅的性能;当抽吸槽覆盖范围包含叶尖泄漏流形成位置及稍靠后附近区域时,所对应的抽吸方案具有较好的控制效果,在0°攻角和0.5%的抽吸流量条件下前槽抽吸和中槽抽吸分别可获得7.04%和7.76%的叶栅总压损失增益;并且进一步研究发现端壁抽吸流量率存在上临界值,应针对不同攻角工况,在其相应的临界值范围内选择合理的抽吸流量,以达到用较小的吸气量实现对间隙泄漏流的控制。     

室火轰燃的大涡模拟

采用一套修正的适用于低马赫数浮力流的N-S方程组来描述火灾场,运用Smagorinsky亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法对室内池火的轰燃发展过程进行了数值模拟,把模拟与实验结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,该方法能较好地预测轰燃。同时模拟结果显示火焰区向房间后部偏转稍大,近壁处温度预测的误差大一些,随着亚格子模型的不断完善和计算能力的提高,用该技术来预测轰燃现象会更加准确。     

空射导弹发射初始弹道数值仿真

导弹从载机上发射时,载机对导弹的流场存在干扰,从而影响导弹在发射初始阶段的姿态和运动轨迹。为了确定导弹的初始弹道参数,本文利用CFD商业软件Fluent6.1计算导弹发射时的非定常流场,并通过该软件的接口嵌入导弹的六自由度弹道方程,同时计算了导弹在载机流场干扰下的非定常气动力和初始弹道。计算结果清晰地表现出导弹与载机的分离过程和载机流场的干扰形式,并可估算出载机的流场干扰范围。     

考虑可压缩与热传导的壁面函数边界条件及其应用

考虑到可压缩和热传导效应的壁面函数边界条件,被耦合到了采用k-ω两方程湍流模型、用有限体积法求解N-S方程的程序中。壁面函数基于耦合的速度和温度型,并且在边界层内的粘性子区和对数区内一致有效。引入壁面函数边界条件后,通过算例验证在y <100的范围内,得到的物面压力、摩阻、热流与实验结果比较,结果可靠。而无壁面函数边界条件时,要得到相同精度的结果,要求y ≈1。壁面函数的引入,为工程上准确预测飞行器在湍流流动中表面受力与气动热提供了保障。     

基于新型丝状电极等离子体激励器的前体涡控制

本文首次将新型丝状暴露电极DBD等离子激励器应用于大迎角下细长体非对称涡控制.丝状暴露电极的材料的选择对DBD推力以及推力效率至关重要,通过地面精细推力测量对丝状暴露电极等离子体激励器进行了优化,结果表明,本文研究材料中采用钨丝作为暴露电极,其推力效率最优;且随着电极直径从d=0.3 mm减小到d=0.08 mm,DB...     

一种改进的Lucas—Kanade光流估计方法

Lucas—Kanade算法是一种重要的光流估计技术,在计算机视觉领域有广泛的应用。但对于图像纹理欠丰富的区域,Lucas—Kanade算法光流估计结果较差。文章提出了一种改进的Lucas—Kanade算法：首先,计算跟踪置信度因子;然后,通过阈值检测剔除不可靠的光流估计结果;最后,进行邻域填充。该方法改善了纹理欠丰富区域的光流估计,对矮人模型图像序列进行了实验,证明了方法的有效性及优于Poelman方法和Chiba方法。     

基于线化稳定性理论的后掠翼边界层内横流稳定性研究

采用Mack方法求解忽略曲率和压缩性的三维线化稳定性方程（Orr-Sommerfeld方程）,针对无限展长后掠翼,计算分析边界层内不同波长横流驻波沿弦向的放大率,确定最不稳定波的波长。计算结果与参考文献中的实验结论和计算结果符合较好,表明该方法能够准确的预测出最不稳定波的波长,可以用来指导横流驻波主导下的后掠翼流动稳定性问题研究。