航天器星敏感器自主定位方法及精度分析

用星敏感器和地平仪测量星光与地平之间的“星光抑角”为观测量，利用推广卡尔曼滤波方法实时估计航天器的最佳位置，使航天器在失去地面遥控的情况下，能够自主准确地确定运行轨道。由于航天器自主定位系统在工作期间会受到硬、软件等诸多因素的影响，因而使其定位精度达不到预计要求。在此我们通过大量仿真计算，指出一些对自主定位系统精度影响较大的因素，并对它们进行了比较分析。     

基于仿真的衍生证券定价研究

衍生证券定价是金融工程研究的重要问题,传统的基于解析求解的定价方法面临很大的困难。本文从衍生证券的特点出发,研究了基于仿真的衍生证券定价原理、方法以及仿真在各种期权定价方面的具体应用,指出了蒙特卡罗仿真在期权定价方面存在的不足,并介绍了基于仿真的衍生证券定价技术的最新发展,希望能对今后的研究有所帮助。     

Experimental investigation on static/dynamic characteristics of a fast-response pressure sensitive paint

An optical-based technique using Pressure-Sensitive Paint(PSP) is a promising method to measure the distribution of surface pressure on an aerodynamic model. The static and dynamic characteristics of a fast-response PSP that is developed in the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)are analyzed and tested to serve as the basis for experiments on unsteady surface measurement using a fast-response PSP. Two calibration systems used for this study are set up to investigate the temperature dependency, response time, and resolution. A data processing method, used for dynamic data, is analyzed and selected carefully to determine the optimum signal. Results show that the fastresponse PSP can be used normally at temperatures from 25 ℃ to 80 ℃. The effect of temperature on the accuracy of the measurement must be considered when temperatures are beyond the temperature range of 30–40 ℃. The dynamic calibration device with a solenoid valve can achieve a pressure jump within a millisecond order. The resolution is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of the photo-multiplier tube. Results of the measurement show that the response time of the PSP decreases with a large pressure variation, and the response time is below 0.016 s when the pressure variation is under 40 kPa.     

静电悬浮微加速度计高灵敏度电容检测通道设计

高灵敏度电容式位移检测是实现静电悬浮微加速度计闭环测控的关键技术之一.针对微加速度计径向悬浮检测的特点及指标要求,设计了高灵敏度、高精度电容式微位移检测通道.该通道主要由前置RC隔离网络与C/V转换、高共模抑制比差动放大器、二级运放、二阶压控电压源有源带通滤波、相敏解调(含模拟乘法器与四阶Butterworth低通滤波...     

感温蜡温控阀对航天器热控系统动态性能的影响

为了提高航天器热控系统的控温适应能力,提出了一种基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路热控方法,利用感温蜡温控阀的全自动流量、温度比例调节特性实现温度控制。通过集总参数法建立感温蜡温控阀、热源载荷和空间辐射器等部件的数学模型,运用数值仿真方法分析该热控系统的温度动态特性。仿真结果表明,感温蜡温控阀的布局方式,以及感温蜡熔程、时间常数和温度延迟等热特性对单相流体回路热控系统温度动态性能有显著的影响,对基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路优化设计提供了理论依据。     

末敏弹毫米波辐射计波形干扰新方法

末敏弹干扰技术的研究具有重要的军事应用价值。基于毫米波交流辐射计的工作原理和电路响应特性,提出了一种波形诱骗的毫米波有源干扰的新方法。采用毫米波干扰源发射窄频信号产生热源,经辐射计宽带接收和检波后获得宽时信号波形,视频放大器低频电路的微分作用使宽时信号波形失真为正、负脉冲形式的分裂信号,其中负脉冲部分类似末敏弹探测装甲目标的负向脉冲波形,实现模拟冷目标的干扰效果。仿真分析与实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

V肋对尾缘劈缝气膜冷却特性的影响

采用压敏漆技术和瞬态热色液晶技术研究了V肋对尾缘劈缝表面气膜冷却特性的影响,获得了不同吹风比及V肋宽度下2种不同尾缘劈缝表面形状的气膜冷却效率和对流换热系数分布的试验数据,并采用净热流密度值评估对比了带有V肋的劈缝结构的综合冷却性能。试验结果表明：V肋的加入对未扩张型劈缝表面的气膜覆盖产生了不利影响,在小吹风比工况下,V肋宽度对面积平均气膜冷却效率无明显影响,相同V肋宽度结构下,未扩张型劈缝表面的气膜冷却效率始终高于扩张型劈缝表面的;V肋宽度对劈缝表面换热强度的影响不明显,V肋在未扩张劈缝表面结构上展现出的强换热性优于扩张型劈缝表面结构;带有V肋的尾缘劈缝冷却结构可有效增大6.9%~26.6%的净热流密度值,V肋宽度对其无明显影响,小吹风比工况下宜将V肋应用于未扩张的劈缝表面结构,大吹风比工况下无需考虑劈缝表面形状。     

Response and adaptation of bone cells to simulated microgravity

Bone loss induced by microgravity during space flight is one of the most deleterious factors on astronaut’s health and is mainly attributed to an unbalance in the process of bone remodeling. Studies from the space microgravity have demonstrated that the disruption of bone remodeling is associated with the changes of four main functional bone cells, including osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and mesenchymal stem cells. For the limited availability, expensive costs and confined experiment conditions for conducting space microgravity studies, the mechanism of bone cells response and adaptation to microgravity is still unclear. Therefore, some ground-based simulated microgravity methods have been developed to investigate the bioeffects of microgravity and the mechanisms. Here, based on our studies and others, we review how bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) respond and adapt to simulated microgravity.     

长期贮存平台惯导系统壳体效应变化行为模型

长期贮存条件下平台惯导系统壳体效应具有与使用状态不同的漂移特性,其漂移规律与各性能参数退化及其相互耦合特性相关,在工程应用中往往难以分析贮存条件下壳体效应稳定性水平和合理配置标定维护资源。本文通过全面分析伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起壳体效应漂移的原理及其漂移表达式,在此基础上深入挖掘了表达式中漂移参数的变化特性,综合给出了伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起壳体效应漂移的变化行为模型,并结合实际贮存环境剖面对其进行了长期漂移特性、加速特性和稳定性分析,分析表明在现有贮存条件下,伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起的壳体效应在X、Y和Z轴的长期漂移特性相近,与实际使用状态的响应特性不同,且无加速特性,具有较好的稳定性水平,从而为合理安排标定维护资源提供了依据。