考虑相互碰撞影响的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法研究

针对登月着陆器下降过程扬起月壤颗粒的运动轨迹及空间分布问题, 提出了考虑月壤颗粒发生完全弹性碰撞和非完全弹性碰撞两种情况的月壤颗粒运动轨迹计算方法. 根据质量守恒和能量守恒定律确定月壤颗粒相互碰撞后的速度, 通过羽流场与月壤颗粒的流固耦合相互迭代计算方法, 获得被扬起的月壤颗粒在羽流场和相互碰撞共同作用下随时间的运动轨迹和空间分布. 基于美国Apollo 11登月过程实测数据, 采用数值模拟对该方法进行验证. 结果表明, 考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞的影响后, 其运动规律出现较明显的扩散趋势. 进一步考虑月壤颗粒相互碰撞引起能量损失的影响后, 月壤颗粒的扩散趋势有所减弱, 并且扬起的高度随着恢复系数的减小而降低.      

等离子喷涂中粉末熔化过程的数值分析

研究了等离子喷涂过程中粉末粒子在等离子射流中的熔化过程,用有限差分法计算了不同物性参数的两种粉粒（铝和氧化锆）的固相加热和熔化过程,分析了等离子体温度,换热系数,粉粒直径和粉粒初始温度对粉粒熔化时间的影响,为优化工艺参数,提高涂层质量提供了理论依据。     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

航煤裂解气低温自点火特性与等离子体助燃研究

为获得燃料低温自点火特性以及等离子体对燃料点火的促进作用,基于快速压缩机实验系统,研究了52％He稀释、当量比1.0、压力3.4MPa、温度877.7～915.9K条件下,航煤裂解气(29.4％CH4/30.8％C2H6/21.3％C2H4/18.5％C3H6)的自点火特性,并获得其点火延迟时间.在此基础上,采用放电与...     

静电喷雾法制备n-Al/PVDF复合粒子及其放热性能研究

采用静电喷雾法制备核壳结构纳米铝粉/聚偏二氟乙烯(n-Al/PVDF)复合粒子。为优化制备参数,设计了正交试验,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等设备研究了静电喷雾过程中针头内径、推进速率、输出电压、接收距离等4种因素对制备的复合粒子形貌和放热性能的影响。结果表明:在0.51mm针头内径,1mL/h推进速率,10cm接收距离,12kV输出电压条件下制备的复合粒子形貌最为规整,平均粒径为75nm,与原料n-Al颗粒基本一致;PVDF包覆层厚度均匀,平均厚度为5nm。DSC测试结果显示,按此条件制备的样品在惰性气氛及空气气氛条件下放热量最大,且均大于其他条件下制备的样品,PVDF包覆层能够显著改善n-Al粉末能量释放效率,使铝粉反应更完全。     

粒子冲刷对丁羟推进剂燃烧性能影响试验研究

利用X射线实时荧屏分析技术(RTR),开展了粒子冲刷条件下固体推进剂燃烧特性试验研究,获得了冲刷条件下丁羟推进剂燃烧界面动态退移图像和燃速变化规律。结果表明,在不同粒子冲刷速度条件下,丁羟推进剂的燃速均有增大。当粒子冲刷速度大于某一值时,燃面上会有凹坑形成,表明粒子冲刷导致推进剂燃速增加加剧,当冲刷速度小于这一值时,燃面上不会有明显凹坑出现,但在气相冲刷的作用下燃速也会有不同程度地增大,改变粒子浓度对燃速的影响不太明显。     

Particle acceleration and kinematics in solar flares – A Synthesis of Recent Observations and Theoretical Concepts (Invited Review)

We review the physical processes of particle acceleration, injection, propagation, trapping, and energy loss in solar flare conditions. An understanding of these basic physical processes is inexorable to interpret the detailed timing and spectral evolution of the radiative signatures caused by nonthermal particles in hard X-rays, gamma-rays, and radio wavelengths. In contrast to other more theoretically oriented reviews on particle acceleration processes, we aim here to capitalize on the numerous observations from recent spacecraft missions, such as from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) and Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT), and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). High-precision energy-dependent time delay measurements from CGRO and spatial imaging with Yohkoh and TRACE provide invaluable observational constraints on the topology of the acceleration region, the reconstruction of magnetic reconnection processes, the resulting electromagnetic fields, and the kinematics of energized (nonthermal) particles. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型Sip/4032Al复合材料热物理性能研究

采用挤压铸造方法,制备了高体积分数的Si_p/4032Al复合材料。显微组织观察表明,复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,材料中没观察到孔洞和缺陷;复合材料的线膨胀系数介于(8．1～12)×10~(-6)/K之间可调,并且随着增强体含量的增加而降低,退火后线膨胀系数略有降低,Kerner模型能够较好的预测复合材料的线膨胀系数;复合材料的热导率可达103 W/(m·K),随着增强体含量的增加略有下降,退火处理后热导率略有升高,热导率计算结果均大于测试值。     

Observational constraints on dark matter in the universe

Application of the cosmic virial theorem to galaxy redshift surveys suggests an open universe - if the dark material is distributed in the same way as galaxies. Here we investigate four redshift surveys. We present new results on the amplitudes of the two- and three-point galaxy correlation functions and we estimate the relative peculiar velocities in the deep redshift survey of Kirshner and co-workers (1983). Next, we review evidence which suggests that dark material is clustered on scales comparable to the optical radii of galaxies. In particular, we use spectroscopic and photometric observations to set constraints on the mass distribution in elliptical galaxies.     

球料比对羰基铁粉片型化演变和电磁性能的影响

以无水乙醇为隔离剂,通过湿法球磨制备了片型羰基铁粉,研究了球料比对片型化过程、电磁性能的影响。结果表明：增加球料比,羰基铁粉片型化更充分,晶粒尺寸减小;粒子的各向异性提高了片型羰基铁粉的微波电磁性能。以环氧树脂为基体树脂,填充体积分数30％的吸波剂制备了1．0mm 单层吸波涂层,在 X-Ku 波段反射率小于－7．5dB 的带宽大于10GHz,涂层最小面密度为2．96kg ／m2。