聚集状态对固体火箭发动机颗粒粒度分布的影响

开展了聚集状态下颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了聚集度和压强对粒度分布的影响规律.聚集状态的颗粒利用收缩管装置产生,采用一种颗粒收集方法对颗粒进行收集,并冻结其形态,对收集到的颗粒采用激光粒度分析仪进行了粒度分析.研究结果表明,聚集状态下颗粒平均粒度比常规条件下大很多,分布范围也较常规条件下宽得多,粒度分布曲线呈双峰或多峰分布,主峰比重很大;颗粒聚集度增大,颗粒粒度平均值增大,大粒度颗粒比重增加;颗粒粒度随燃烧室压强增大而增大.     

Particle image velocimetry for combustion measurements: Applications and developments

In the last several decades, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has reached a high degree of maturity as a laser diagnostic technique based on tracer particles, with significant improvements in accuracy, resolution, dynamic range, and as an extension to combustion measurements. To assess the recent developments and to project the future trends of using the PIV technique for combustion measurements, we review many key issues for measuring combustion flow fields. We introduce the representative applications of a supersonic combustor and swirling burner and summarize the promising prospects and further development requirements of PIV measurements in combustion flow fields.     

Multi-case Study of Current Sheet Flapping Motions Induced by Non-adiabatic Ions

In this paper, the y-component of magnetic field line curvature in the plasma sheet was analyzed, and two kinds of shear structures of the flapping current sheet were found, i.e. symmetric and antisymmetric. The alternating bending orientations of the guiding field are exactly corresponding to alternating north-south asymmetries of the bouncing ion population in the sheet center. Those alternating asymmetric plasma sources consequently induce the current sheet flapping motion as a driver. In addition, a substantial particle population with downward motion was observed in the center of a bifurcated current sheet. This population is identified as the quasi-adiabatic particles, and provides a net current opposite to the conventional cross-tail current.      

不同初始温度下等离子体对H2/Air混合物燃烧影响

等离子体助燃过程是一个非平衡的,瞬时的,极不均匀的物理化学过程,活性粒子在等离子体助燃计算中是一个关键难题。文章建立H2/Air燃烧的化学动力学模型,计算与分析了在非平衡等离子体条件下,气体放电产生的活性粒子(O,H)和活性基(OH)在不同初始温度下对燃烧过程中参与燃烧的组分以及温度和压力的影响,为航空发动机燃烧室等离子体助燃实验研究和实际应用提供理论依据。数学模型的计算结果表明等离子体助燃可以提高反应效率,缩短延迟时间,增加燃烧温度,火焰传播速率,强烈影响H2/Air混合物燃烧效果。     

Charged particle dynamics in the combined field of two rotating magnetic dipoles: A numerical investigation of the parametric effect on the equatorial motions

In this contribution we study some aspects of the dynamics of a charged particle in the field produced by two magnetic dipoles that rotate in circular orbits around their common center of mass under their mutual Newtonian attraction. More precisely, we numerically investigate the evolution of the regions of the particle motion on the equatorial plane of each dipole and we explore their parametric variation. We focus our investigation on those problem parameters that are related with the magnetic fields and the masses of the primaries. The obtained preliminary results show that for each particular set of the above parameters and for certain values of energy these regions are bounded, and therefore the motion of the particle is confined inside them.     

December 2006 solar extreme events and their influence on the near-Earth space environment: “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” satellite observations

The Russian microsatellite “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” was launched on Jan. 20, 2005 and was both a scientific and educational mission. Its two main aims were declared as: (1) monitoring of the energetic particles dynamics in the near-Earth space environment after solar events and during quiet times, (2) educational activities based on experimental data obtained from the spacecraft. In this paper observations acquired during Dec. 5–16, 2006, known as “Solar Extreme Events 2006”, were analyzed. The “Universitetskiy-Tatiana” microsatellite orbit permits one to measure both solar energetic particle dynamics, variations of the boundary of solar particle penetration, as well as relativistic and sub-relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt during and after magnetic storms. Both relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation and solar energetic particles are an important source of radiation damage in near-Earth space. Therefore, the presented experimental results demonstrate the successful application of a small educational spacecraft both for scientific and educational programs.     

Ozone variability related to several SEP events occurring during solar cycle no. 23

Data from geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) series were used to identify intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events occurred during the solar activity cycle no. 23. We retrieved O₃, NO, NO₂, HNO₃, OH, HCl and OHCl profiles coming from different satellite sensors (solar occultation and limb emission) and we looked for the mesospheric/stratospheric response to SEPs at high terrestrial latitudes. The chemistry of the minor atmospheric components is analysed to evaluate the associated odd nitrogen (NO_x) and odd hydrogen (HO_x) production, able to cause short (h) and medium (days) term ozone variations. We investigated the effects of SEPs on the polar atmosphere in three different seasons, i.e., January 2005, April 2002 and July 2000. The inter-hemispheric variability of the ozone, induced by the SEP series of January 2005, has been compared with the effects connected both to larger and quite similar events. We found that during SEP events: (i) solar illumination is the key factor driving SEP-induced effects on the chemistry of the polar atmosphere; (ii) even events with limited particle flux in the range 15–40 MeV are able to change the abundance of the minor constituents in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere.     

阻尼颗粒动态特性研究

在垂直简谐激励条件下,测量颗粒体对基础产生的冲击力,得到冲击力受约化加速度控制会经历一系列倍周期分岔的规律,并给出分岔周期冲击力的谐波分量表达式;通过稳态功率输入法得到阻尼颗粒产生的损耗功率和附加质量与激励的关系。试验结果表明,对于给定频率,损耗功率随激励幅值的增加单调递增;对于给定速度幅值,损耗功率随激励频率的增加呈现为：低频段迅速增大,而后递增速率减缓的过程。由颗粒体产生的附加质量存在明显的转捩点现象,转捩点之后,附加质量随激励幅值的增加而变小。     

一种高散射率PIV实验用示踪粒子的制备

采用化学镀银的方法在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆一层金属银,使其表面具有足够高的光散射效率和合适的密度,作为示踪粒子用在PIV（Particle Image Velocime时）实验中。文中研究了相关化学镀银工艺参数对所制各示踪粒子密度的影响,并对所制各的示踪粒子进行了流场测试评价,结果表明：采用在空心玻璃微珠表面镀银的方法,可以获得性能优异的PIV实验用示踪粒子。     

三维试验粒子轨道法在磁层粒子全球输运中的应用

根据磁层粒子动力学理论, 通过偶极磁场模型验证利用三维试验粒子轨道方法模拟近地球区(r < 8R_e)带电粒子运动特征的可靠性. 在此基础上, 以太阳风和磁层相互作用的全球MHD模拟结果为背景, 利用三维试验粒子轨道方法, 对非磁暴期间南向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入磁层的情形进行数值模拟, 并对北向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入极尖区以及内磁层的几种不同情形进行了单粒子模拟. 模拟结果反映了南向和北向行星际磁场离子向磁层的几种典型输入过程, 揭示出行星际磁场南向时太阳风粒子在磁层内密度分布的晨昏不对称性以及其在磁鞘和磁层内的大致分布, 并得出统计规律. 模拟结果与理论预测和观测结论相一致, 且通过数值模拟发现, 行星际磁场北向时靠近极尖区附近形成的非典型磁镜结构对于能量粒子经由极尖区注入环电流区域过程有重要的影响和作用.