不定线性系统的鲁棒故障检测

 <正> 1.引言 Beard等提出的检测滤波器是一种基于模型的故障检测与识别(FDI)方法,然而,检测滤波器要求精确地已知系统的动力学方程 X=AX+Bu,Y=CX (1) 其中,X∈R~n,Y∈R~m,u∈R~r分别为系统状态输出和控制;A、B、C为具有相应维数已知常阵。由于系统的复杂性以及系统外界干扰的不确定性,获取系统精确的数学模型非常困难。因此要解决的基本问题即考虑下列不定系统的故障检测     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

海洋重力仪采样质量悬挂系统分析

针对轴对称型海洋重力仪采样质量悬挂系统的刚度设计问题,运用材料力学和最小势能原理重点对水平和垂直方向的等效刚度进行理论分析,分析结果表明:系统在水平面内各方向的刚度相等,与拉丝材料的弹性模量和横截面积成正比,与拉丝的初始长度成反比;系统竖直方向等效刚度与绷紧弹簧的张力成正比,与拉丝的初始长度成反比.对仪器工程应用中,因拉丝弯曲而产生的干扰阻力进行了评估分析,结果表明在正确选择拉丝的材料和几何尺寸的条件下,由干扰阻力所引起的误差可以忽略不计.     

气体取样分析在脉冲燃烧风洞试验中的应用

针对脉冲燃烧风洞试验条件及超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口流场环境,设计了用于脉冲燃烧风洞流场氧气组分浓度校核及发动机燃烧室出口气流组分分析的探针取样-气相色谱分析测量系统,并在此基础上完成了对取样探针内部流场特性及燃气化学反应冻结情况分析.分析结果表明,进入探针的气流被有效冷却,能够实现化学反应冻结.利用风洞试验气流进行了系统校核,系统控制方面能够满足脉冲风洞试验测量要求,所得到的气流中氧气含量测量值与理论值吻合较好,偏差小于5%,甚至低至0.4%.利用该系统对马赫数2.6来流条件、直连式燃烧室模型燃烧工况下,出口不同位置处燃气中O2、N2和CO2等主要气体组分进行了直接测量,并进而估算了各测点处的表观燃烧效率,获得了其变化情况,所得到的结果在一定程度上反映了燃烧室中燃料的分布情况.     

MIMO雷达射频隐身性能优化的目标跟踪算法

随着现代战场中电子对抗的日益激烈,雷达的生存环境受到了严重的威胁。射频（RF）隐身技术是一种提高雷达及其运载平台战场生存能力的重要途径。为提高雷达射频隐身性能,针对具有MIMO探测模式的新体制雷达提出了隐身性能优化的目标跟踪算法。该算法基于射频隐身性能优化模型,通过自适应控制系统的子阵划分个数、平均发射功率、波束驻留时间以及采样周期,在满足系统跟踪性能要求的前提下优化系统射频隐身性能,其中的射频隐身性能综合考虑了截获因子及采样周期。仿真结果表明,与传统相控阵雷达相比,本文所提出的目标跟踪算法使MIMO雷达具有更好的射频隐身性能。     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

非线性模型预测控制的研究进展

近年来,模型预测控制（Model predictive control,MPC）的理论和技术得到了长足发展,随着线性系统模型预测控制的大量成功应用,基于非线性模型的预测控制简称非线性预测控制（NMPC）引起了广泛关注,并取得了丰富的研究成果。文章基于非线性模型预测控制的基本原理,对目前该领域的热点问题和取得的成果进行了综述,指出了研究不确定系统和时滞系统的非线性模型预测控制对进一步发展预测控制理论和拓宽其应用范围的意义。     

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

A seventh-order model for dynamic response of an electro-hydraulic servo valve

In this paper, taking two degrees of freedom on the armature–flapper assembly into account, a seventh-order model is deduced and proposed for the dynamic response of a two-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve from nonlinear equations. These deductions are based on fundamental laws of electromagnetism, fluid, and general mechanics. The coefficients of the proposed seventhorder model are derived in terms of servo valve physical parameters and fluid properties explicitly.For validating the results of the proposed model, an AMESim simulation model based on physical laws and the existing low-order models validated by other researchers through experiments are used to compare with the seventh-order model. The results show that the seventh-order model can reflect the physical behavior of the servo valve more explicitly than the existing low-order models and it could provide guidance more easily for a linear control design approach and sensitivity analysis than the AMESim simulation model.     

大功率高性能航天伺服系统发展综述

回顾了电动、电静液伺服系统国内外发展历程与研究现状,针对未来航天飞行器对伺服系统在结构强度、空间体积、环境适应性、性能指标等方面提出的新要求,在综合评价电动、电静液伺服系统性能的基础上,指出了机载功率电传一体化电作动系统关键技术与设计难点,并提出相应的解决思路,对未来一体化电作动系统发展进行了展望。