模拟扭矩载荷作用的涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验

提出了在传统涡轮盘低循环疲劳试验件上施加扭矩的试验方案,以某型发动机涡轮盘为对象,组装和调试了某型全尺寸涡轮盘预扭试验件,完成了低循环疲劳试验.加扭涡轮盘低循环疲劳试验结果与涡轮盘在传统不加扭矩方法下的低循环疲劳试验表现出明显差异.试验结果表明,涡轮扭矩对涡轮盘-轴连接销钉孔区域疲劳寿命有重要影响.      

全覆盖气膜孔阵列方式对冷却特性的影响

运用标准k-ε湍流模型对不同吹风比下正菱形、长菱形和超长菱形三种气膜孔阵列方式的多孔全覆盖气膜冷却的气膜出流流场特性、气膜绝热冷却效率和气膜综合冷却效率进行了数值模拟对比研究.结果表明:气膜孔阵列超长菱形排布是较优的排布方案,在该排布方式下,气膜出流向主流的穿透相对较弱,气膜沿展向的覆盖率也较高,因而气膜绝热冷却效率相对最高;气膜孔排布方式对气膜综合冷却效率的影响规律与气膜绝热冷却效率的基本一致,超长菱形排布仍然是较优的排布方案.      

平行孔系中心距公差坐标换算

通过对平面尺寸链分析，应用马克劳林公式作近似计算和全微分近似全增量方法，导出了孔距公差坐标换算公式．最后通过实例对其换算结果进行了验证．完全符合设计要求。公式简明、实用、易掌握。可供设计、工艺和操作人员在相应的平行孔系中心距公差坐标计算中采用。具有一定的实际应用价值。     

X-rays from the first massive black holes

X-ray studies of high-redshift (z > 4) active galaxies have advanced substantially over the past few years, largely due to results from the new generation of X-ray observatories. As of this writing X-ray emission has been detected from nearly 60 high-redshift active galaxies. This paper reviews the observational results and their implications for models of the first massive black holes, and it discusses future prospects for the field.     

摄动因素对火星环绕段轨道长期影响研究

针对未来火星探测需要,研究了摄动因素对火星环绕段轨道的长期影响。对各种摄动因子的数量级进行了估计,根据估计结果,对比选取了起主导作用的摄动因子;建立了主要摄动因子的数学模型;通过数值仿真验证,对比分析了火星和地球的相应摄动因素对各自环绕段轨道半长轴和偏心率的影响。仿真结果表明:非球形摄动对火星环绕段轨道的影响具有明显的长周期特征,而相应的地球环绕段短周期效应较明显,这主要是由于质量分布不同造成火星非球形引力位中田谐项的系数基本都比地球的相应值大一个量级,因此在实际轨道设计中应该重点考虑高阶项特别是高阶田谐项对环绕段轨道造成的影响。     

基于TTE的改进加权轮询调度算法

在时间触发以太网(TTE)中,TT消息优先级最高,RC消息只能在TT消息调度的离散时间片内传输,因此,TT消息离线调度表的设计会对RC消息调度产生一定影响。针对这一问题,提出了基于最优时间片的改进加权轮询(MWRR)调度算法。首先,通过TT消息约束条件限制获得TT消息离线调度表,进而得到保证RC消息较大资源利用率的时间片信息;其次,在离散时间片对不同类型RC消息进行调度,并运用网络演算方法对其最坏端到端延迟进行分析;最后,通过实验仿真证实了本文算法不仅具有较低的复杂度和较好的公平性,保证了实际应用中算法的可行性,而且在时延性方面均优于先到先得(FIFO)、优先级(PQ)和加权轮询(WRR)调度算法。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

气膜孔结构对涡轮导叶端壁冷却效率的影响研究

对涡轮叶栅端壁上游4种气膜冷却结构模型进行了数值模拟,得出在不同吹风比情况下涡轮叶栅端壁的流动与换热特性。结果表明,无槽气膜孔冷气射流在孔下游与主流相互作用形成1对转动方向相反的耦合涡,主流被卷入耦合涡并冲击到了端壁,使得孔间壁温接近主流温度,气膜冷却效率很低;带槽气膜孔抑制了耦合涡的形成,冷却了孔间端壁,气膜冷却效率较高,而且,随着槽深度的增加,冷气的展向(Y向)宽度逐渐增加,扩大了冷气覆盖区域,提高了端壁气膜冷却效率。     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

凝胶模拟液直圆管流动特性数值模拟

采用POLYFLOW软件,对幂律型凝胶模拟液在直圆管内的流动和流变特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：在流速和管径不变时,压降随管长的增加成线性增加;在流速和管长不变时,压降随管径的增大急剧减小;随着流变指数的减小,直圆管轴线附近出现明显的柱塞流动区,在此区域内,速度和剪切速率变化较小,剪切粘度值趋于最大;在管壁附近．速度和剪切速率变化较大。剪切粘度降低明显。