Working Group 3 Report: Coronal Hole Boundaries and Interactions with Adjacent Regions

Summarized below are the discussions of working group 3 on "Coronal hole boundaries and interactions with adjacent regions" which took place at the 7th SOHO workshop in Northeast Harbor, Maine, USA, 28 September to 1 October 1998. A number of recent observational and theoretical results were presented during the discussions to shed light on different aspects of coronal hole boundaries. The working group also included presentations on streamers and coronal holes to emphasis the difference between the plasma properties in these regions, and to serve as guidelines for the definition of the boundaries. Observations, particularly white light observations, show that multiple streamers are present close to the solar limb at all times. At some distance from the sun, typically below 2 R, these streamers merge into a relatively narrow sheet as seen, for example, in LASCO and UVCS images. The presence of multiple current sheets in interplanetary space was also briefly addressed. Coronal hole boundaries were defined as the abrupt transition from the bright appearing plasma sheet to the dark coronal hole regions. Observations in the inner corona seem to indicate a transition of typically 10 to 20 degrees, whereas observations in interplanetary space, carried out from Ulysses, show on one hand an even faster transition of less than 2 degrees which is in agreement with earlier Helios results. On the other hand, these observations also show that the transition happens on different scales, some of which are significantly larger. The slow solar wind is connected to the streamer belt/plasma sheet, even though the discussions were still not conclusive on the point where exactly the slow solar wind originates. Considered the high variability of plasma characteristics in slow wind streams, it seems most likely that several types of coronal regions produce slow solar wind, such as streamer stalks, streamer legs and open field regions between active regions, and maybe even regions just inside of the coronal holes. Observational and theoretical studies presented during the discussions show evidence that each of these regions may indeed contribute to the solar slow wind. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

玻璃纤维复合材料及其复合构件的台阶孔加工技术

以玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料及其复合构件台阶孔为研究对象,通过性能分析、工装和刀具设计、工艺参数优化等研究加工中各因素对台阶孔的影响。实验结果表明,采用镶合金复合钻头25°(螺旋角p)/15°(后角α),使用专用的工艺装置给钻削区材料施加预压应力,钻头转速为250、315 r/min、进给量为0.06、0.1mm/r时,孔的加工质量达到最优。     

高压涡轮尾切凹槽叶尖冷却换热特性

为研究尾切凹槽状涡轮叶片叶尖的表面换热,通过瞬态风洞实验得到无冷却和带除尘孔两种情况下叶尖表面传热系数,并将其与数值模拟结果进行对比,实验结果的不确定度小于5%。分析叶尖间隙流场情况,无冷却时,由于腔底的空腔涡和凸肩壁的分离泡,高表面传热系数集中在压吸力侧凸肩和腔底前缘处;腔底后半段沿压力侧存在条状低表面传热系数分布。有除尘孔冷却时,冷却气体分为高低能两股流体,高能流体随泄漏流流出,造成吸力侧凸肩存在多段高表面传热系数集中分布;低能流体紧贴凹槽压力侧向后流动,对应位置冷却效率可达0.4以上。      

瓜瓣模上定位销孔的改进加工工艺

针对瓜瓣阳模上定位销孔加工的找正误差大、实物与数模不一致、加工成本高的难题,通过改进找正方法,粗、精找正结合,并利用3D寻边器进行程序验证的思路,实现了理论数模和实物的精确对齐、找正.在此基础上通过椭球参数方程的坐标转换,实现了在3轴机床上对椭球面上法向和轴向定位销孔的加工.结果表明,采用改进后的加工方法,孔的位置精度...     

圆孔喷嘴形成气动喉部的定常数值研究

对固体火箭发动机上由圆孔喷嘴喷入二次流所形成的气动喉部进行了三维数值模拟.考察了圆孔喷嘴形成气动喉部的典型三维流动特征和喷嘴流量特性.研究了不同喷嘴面积比、喷嘴个数、喷射角度、喷嘴构型及主要喷管参数对气动喉部调节喉部面积能力的影响.结果表明在相同的喷嘴面积比下,增加喷嘴个数、采用逆向喷射或选用收缩喷嘴构型都能显著提高气...     

两相圆湍射流颗粒弥散与速度相似性大涡模拟

气相采用大涡模拟方法、颗粒相采用拉格朗日轨道模型,对高雷诺数两相圆湍射流进行了数值模拟,研究了一种中等Stokes颗粒在大尺度涡结构中弥散特点以及两相速度统计特征.研究表明,颗粒弥散同时受流动涡结构和颗粒惯性决定,颗粒在涡结构的边缘或者涡与涡交织区域颗粒数密度高,形成倾向性分布.沿中心轴线两相平均速度衰减不同,颗粒相速度衰减慢于气相.射流近场两相速度沿径向变化显著,在射流远场两相平均速度都具有相似性,沿径向颗粒相平均速度衰减慢、分布平稳.      

双排簸箕形气膜孔下游换热研究

对双排差排簸箕形气膜孔排下游的换热进行了实验研究,测量了孔排下游的局部换热系数分布,分析了孔排下游换热系数比的分布以及吹风比、气膜孔出流雷诺数和孔排距对平均换热系数比的影响.结果表明:相对单排气膜孔出流的情况,双排气膜孔下游换热有所增强,但分布更均匀;换热系数比随吹风比的增加先减小后增大,在吹风比为1.0时达到最小;双排气膜孔出流对换热的增强效果随孔排距的增加先增大后减小,在孔排距为10D时最大.      

某型发动机涡轮盘销钉孔结构分析与寿命评估

利用有限元方法计算了某型发动机涡轮盘径向销钉孔的应力应变分布, 分析了不同销钉数目、孔销之间的不同摩擦系数和涡轮盘是否施加扭矩对销钉孔周边应力的影响, 发现了前期试验状况与实际使用的差异.利用拉伸应变能寿命预测公式进行了寿命评估, 与试验有较好的一致性.有限元计算及试验结果说明了涡轮盘加扭疲劳试验的必要性, 为某型发动机高压涡轮盘的延寿工作提供了依据.      

驻涡燃烧室掺混孔对流量分配及燃烧性能的影响

数值模拟了三种不同掺混孔面积对二元模型驻涡燃烧室试验器流量分配的影响,并在进口马赫数约为0.3、进口温度约为540 K工况条件下,分别对其进行了试验研究,对比分析了它们的总压损失、贫熄边界和燃烧效率.研究表明:掺混孔面积对流量分配影响较大,在本试验条件下,掺混孔面积较大的驻涡燃烧室试验器的燃烧性能优于其余两种.      

狭缝型接受孔对径向预旋系统的影响

为提高径向预旋系统温降减少系统的流动损失,运用数值模拟方法对比分析不同长宽比的狭缝型接受孔及传统直孔型接受孔对预旋系统温降流阻特性的影响。结果表明,随着狭缝长宽比在1~10范围内增加,接受孔有效流通面积增大,喷嘴出口气流流速及系统无量纲质量流量均增大;当旋转雷诺数大于2.6×106时,系统温降随着狭缝长宽比的增加而增加,总压损失随之先增加后趋于稳定。长宽比为6~10的狭缝型接受孔较传统直孔型接受孔有更高的温降及较高的压力损失。当旋转雷诺数等于7.9×106,长宽比为10的狭缝式接受孔较传统直孔接受孔系统温降系数增加36.7%,总压损失系数增加2.2%。