美国高超声速天地运输系统新概念

高超声速天地运输系统是航空航天的重点发展领域之一。本文介绍了近期美国研究的一种二级入轨高超声速天地运输系统(HSGTS)新概念;分析了第一、二级的主要设计特征;给出了该设计概念的主要气动力CFD计算结果。     

基于模糊聚类的不同机型分类方法研究

随着航空业飞速发展,飞机的种类越来越多,如何对不同机型进行归类,使飞机的设计、制造、使用、维护、保障等工作变得更加高效,是制造商和运营商亟待解决的问题。文中把飞机设计性能特征指标加以解析化和数量化,给出了模糊聚类分析对不同机型的分类计算方法,并实例分析,得到了不同机型的在不同水平下的相似关系。从而为不同机型的归类、相似机型的选择提供了一种方法,也可以作为飞机设计、营运信息、备件设施共享的依据,该方法可以综合机型多种特征,增强了不同机型分类的精确性、客观性和合理性。     

基于遗传算法的飞机经济爬升速度优化方法

为提高宽体飞机的爬升经济性,首先建立了爬升阶段飞行动力学模型和优化目标计算模型,确定了基于速度优化的最佳爬升策略;然后,在最佳爬升策略的基础上,建立了基于遗传算法的双表速爬升优化模型,得到近似最佳爬升策略,并分析了该爬升策略的可行性;最后,以某宽体飞机为例,分析了近似最佳爬升策略的影响因素。研究结果表明:最佳爬升策略相对传统爬升策略经济性提升3%~8%,且改进后的近似爬升策略与最佳爬升策略误差不超过1.4%;飞机重量、温度偏差和成本指数均会影响爬升策略的性能参数。     

一种航空发动机陆运减震装置的研制

充分调研了国内外各型航空发动机陆运情况,在不改变现有航空发动机包装箱结构和运输车辆类型的前提下,研制了一种安放于包装箱和运输车辆之间的陆运减震装置,有效地避免了航空发动机在陆运过程中由于震动所导致的一系列装机故障。     

建设中国民航的数据交换平台

数据交换平台是民航公共信息网络平台的核心系统。提出了基于XML标准和Web Service技术的民航数据交换平台系统设计思想，提出了系统的建设思路和总体目标、设计原则和技术措施。描述了数据交换平台的数据交换流程和系统体系结构。     

美国载人航天商业运输的发展

研究了美国载人航天商业运输的发展现状和趋势。美国在取消星座计划之后,实施商业乘员和货物项目,将依靠商业运输器实现＂国际空间站＂的乘员和货物运输,以缩短＂后航天飞机＂时代（航天飞机退役后）运输的断档期。美国商业乘员和货物项目包括商业轨道运输服务（COTS）计划、商业再补给服务（CRS）计划和商业乘员开发（CCDev）计划...     

改进U-Net网络及在遥感影像道路提取中的应用

高分辨率遥感图像分割在军事、民用等领域具有良好的应用前景,但由于复杂的背景条件以及干扰物的遮挡,导致现有算法无法较好地从遥感影像中提取道路细节信息。研究基于改进U Net网络模型,提出了MDAU-Net（multi dimension attention U-Net）网络结构模型,通过对U-Net网络结构加深至七层结构来提升精细分割道路的能力;并提出了一种多维注意力模块MD-MECA（multi dimension modified efficient channel attention）,将其添加至编码部分的特征传递步骤中,以达到对编码部分的特征传递进行优化的目的;其中利用DropBlock与Batch Normalization解决网络训练过程中出现的过拟合。试验结果表明:改进后算法可以有效提升道路的提取效果,在测试集上的准确率达到了97.04%。     

Robustness analysis metrics for worldwide airport network: A comprehensive study

Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view, with focus on attacking strategies in the airport network, i.e., to remove airports from the sys-tem and see what could affect the air traffic system from a passenger's perspective. Specifically, we identify commonalities and differences between several robustness measures and attacking strate-gies, proposing a novel notion of functional robustness: unaffected passengers with rerouting. We apply twelve attacking strategies to the worldwide airport network with three weights, and eval-uate three robustness measures. We find that degree and Bonacich based attacks harm passenger weighted network most. Our evaluation is geared toward a unified view on air transportation net-work attack and serves as a foundation on how to develop effective mitigation strategies.     

A proposal on the test of general relativity by clock transportation experiments

We propose a test of the gravitational time dilation in general relativity by long term clock comparison between two stations separated in height. The geopotential difference between the two National time keeping centers in China, Lintong (A)$(A)$ and Beijing (B)$(B)$ is around 4000 geopotential unit, which corresponds to the height difference of 400 m. Two clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ are fixed at stations A and B, respectively, which are synchronized at beginning by a portable clock C in a short time period with go-back synchronization approach. After one month, the clock C is again transported between A and B  , comparing the records of the keeping time by clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$, respectively. Calculations show that, after one month, the difference of the time durations between the clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ is around 121 ns, if general relativity is correct.     

Plant mineral nutrition,gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review

Successful growth and development of higher plants in space rely on adequate availability and uptake of water and nutrients, and efficient energy distribution through photosynthesis and gas exchange. In the present review, literature has been reviewed to assemble the relevant knowledge within space plant research for future planetary missions. Focus has been on fractional gravity, space radiation, magnetic fields and ultimately a combined effect of these factors on gas exchange, photosynthesis and transport of water and solutes.