前飞速度和升力偏置量对共轴刚性旋翼气动特性影响分析

共轴刚性旋翼前飞状态的气动特性主要由工况环境中的来流速度、密度和桨叶的翼型配置、弦长分布和扭转分布等气动布局参数决定。气动布局参数的综合影响决定了共轴刚性旋翼的的升力偏置量。了解前飞速度和升力偏置量对前飞性能的影响规律有利于设计更适合于高速飞行的共轴刚性旋翼。因此,本文通过求解可压雷诺平均N-S(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程对4 m直径的由两副2片矩形桨叶旋翼构成的共轴刚性旋翼模型的前飞流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同前进比下的气动力并对不同升力偏置量下的旋翼性能进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,随前进比增大,桨叶展向拉力分布更加趋于合理,拉力中心向桨叶中段移动,可以充分给桨尖卸载;旋翼升力主要由前行侧桨叶提供,升力偏置量过大容易产生激波诱导失速,不利于高速前飞。     

大型平台的惯性稳定与地理坐标系姿态跟踪

介绍了一种大型两轴稳定平台的惯性稳定和地理系姿态跟踪原理,建立了稳定平台俯仰框架和横滚框架的运动学模型和动力学模型,进行了稳定平台横滚通道的角速度回路和角位置回路设计,仿真分析了姿态角测量误差作用下的稳定平台姿态跟踪性能,与利用加速度计反馈实现调平的两轴阻尼稳定平台进行对比,比对结果验证了本文设计的控制系统在水平姿态跟踪速度和抗干扰能力上的优势.平台样机进行了姿态跟踪测试,结果验证了结合定位定向系统(POS)的稳定平台惯性稳定和姿态跟踪控制方法可行.     

基于GM(1,1)分段组合的宽体货机预测模型研究

航空货运市场是全球航空运输市场的重要组成部分,与全球经济、贸易的发展息息相关。航空货运市场的发展趋势及需求直接影响到货机市场的发展趋势及货机行业的发展规划。而作为全球航空货运市场的运输载体,货机尤其是远程宽体货机对货物的国际间运输和交流起到了至关重要的作用。当前主流的预测方法为根据需求与供应的对应关系进行预测,预测过程相对复杂,预测的精度相对较高,不足之处在于预测工作周期较长,难以快速获得预测的结果。根据当前灰色系统理论,建立了宽体货机机队预测的灰色预测模型GM(1,1),并用分段组合的方式,较为精确地预测宽体货机未来机队的发展情况,预测较为快速,效率较高,能满足一般精度的预测需求。     

微纳聚合体卫星的对称式重构规划算法

为解决微纳聚合体卫星变构过程中,聚合体各部分之间的动力学耦合导致的卫星整体姿态翻转或紊乱,提出了一种对称式变构规划算法。首先建立了铰链约束下的漂浮基多刚体系统动力学模型,研究了重构过程中各运动模块对本体姿态的影响,提出当每两个运动模块位置与转动方向满足对称性条件时,两者对本体姿态的影响可在一定程度上相互抵消。基于上述理论,在A*算法中引入最优分配度量和对称性判定,设计了并行对称重构规划算法。仿真结果表明,该规划算法可实现重构过程中多模块并行、对称运动,重构过程总步数较少,运动模块对本体姿态的影响小。     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

椭球台高杆灯风荷载的实验研究

通过风洞实验研究了多钝体高杆灯在不同水平风向角和竖向风向角下的力与力矩系数。实验结果表明在一定的风向角下，法向阻力系数Cdmax=1.030,法向弯曲力矩系数Cmmax=-0.940,轴向力系数Camax=0.504和Camin=-0．600。     

RELATIONSHIPS FOR MOTION DESCRIBED IN ANY TWO ROTATIONAL REFERENCE FRAMES

In this paper the definitions of the relative derivatives of a vector with respect to time in any reference frame by using the notation of vectrix are proposed. It is further shown that with the help of vectrix one can treat the relative derivatives more clearly and more rigorously when multiple reference frames are concerned. Very useful relationships between the first order relative derivatives described in any two reference frames are derived. Relationships for the second order relative derivatives are also presented in detail. A new concept called "rotation induced acceleration" which is caused by the rotation of two reference frames when motion is necessarily described in them is presented. The result obtained in this paper is the generalization of the acceleration theorem given in conventional theoretical mechanics.     

温度翘曲应力对机场刚性道面寿命的影响

分析了目前中国民航机场刚性道面的设计过程,指出在设计过程中忽视温度应力的影响不合理。参照公路水泥混凝土路面温度应力计算方法并根据Miner定律研究了温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面影响规律,即温度翘曲疲劳损耗随板厚、地基反应模量的增大而增大,随着混凝土设计强度的增加而降低。然后提出采用设计寿命的影响因子nt/Nt评价温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面设计寿命影响的方法并提供了相应的机场刚性道面板厚度设计流程图。最后提供了一个考虑温度翘曲应力的刚性道面设计实例,为工程应用提供参考。     

Dynamics of a spacecraft and normalization around Lagrangian points in the Neptune–Triton system

The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune–Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune’s satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a × I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton’s orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L₂, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincaré section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method.     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.