分布式电推进飞机设计技术综述

分布式电推进系统利用电力驱动多个推进器作为飞机的动力装置,在提升飞机气动效率、载运能力、环保性和鲁棒性等方面蕴藏着可供人们挖掘和利用的巨大潜能,被广泛认为是一种航空领域的颠覆性技术。本文在对电动飞机的优势和不足,电推进系统的尺度独立性以及分布式电推进飞机分类进行初步研究之后,重点从飞机工程设计的专业划分角度出发,分别从飞机总体设计、气动设计、结构设计、系统及支持设施设计等学科对分布式电推进飞机设计技术的研究情况和学术进展进行综述。随着电池能量密度、电机及控制器功率密度的不断提升以及相关机载电气设备的小型化和轻量化,分布式电推进通用飞机基本具备按需航空市场化能力,尽管仍存在一些挑战,但该技术为未来飞机设计提供了更多的权衡空间与可能性。     

大型飞机发动机的发展现状和关键技术分析

对军民用大涵道比涡扇发动机的现状和发展趋势等进行了阐述,从国家大型飞机工程的战略目标、大型飞机发动机的重要性和市场前景等方面,对我国大涵道比涡扇发动机的需求、现状和差距进行了初步分析,简要介绍了我国大涵道比涡扇发动机的总体方案,提出了发展我国大涵道比涡扇发动机的主要关键技术,并分别从大涵道比涡扇发动机、国际合作、材料工艺试验条件建设等方面,简要论述了关键技术解决途径与措施建议.      

美俄下一代战略轰炸机技术方案分析

根据美国和俄罗斯新一代战略轰炸机的论证过程,分析了驱动战略轰炸机不断发展的主要因素和新一代战略轰炸机的作战需求。美俄新一代战略轰炸机都采用了亚声速飞翼布局的多用途武器运载平台,但其设计考虑有所不同,美国突出网络中心战能力,而俄罗斯强调飞机自身的隐身能力。美国和俄罗斯战略轰炸机技术方案的选择均有其军事战略、技术水平、经济实力、工业基础等方面的现实考虑。     

仪表着陆系统下滑信标台的场地保护——兼论《国家标准GB6364-86》的严密性

做好航空导航台站的电磁环境保护,是确保导航设备正常运行的一个重要手段,本文以仪表着陆系统的下滑信标台为例,论述了辐射信号的反射区、保护区场地平整及要求等。     

The Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets: Fundamental Requirements for Life

The current approach to the study of the origin of life and to the search for life elsewhere is based on two assumptions. First, life is a purely physical phenomenon closely linked to specific environmental conditions. From this, we hypothesise that when these environmental conditions are met, life will arise and evolve. If these assumptions are valid, the search for life elsewhere should be a matter of mapping what we know about the range of environments in which life can exist, and then simply trying to find these environments elsewhere. Second, life can be clearly distinguished from the non-living world. While a single feature of a living organism left in the rock record is not always sufficient to determine unequivocally whether life was present, life often leaves multiple structural, mineralogical and chemical biomarkers that, in sum, support a conclusion that life was present. Our understanding of the habitats that can sustain or have sustained life has grown tremendously with the characterisation of extremophiles. In this chapter, we highlight the range of environments that are known to harbour life on Earth, describe the environments that existed during the period of time when life originated on Earth, and compare these habitats to the suitable environments that are found elsewhere in our solar system, where life could have arisen and evolved.     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

亚音速民机垂尾初步设计

横航向飞行品质要求是飞机设计时,选择垂尾和机翼上反角的主要依据.在对主要的横航向飞行品质要求进行分析整理的基础上,本文提出了一种“界限线”法,可供飞机初步设计时,选择合适的垂尾和机翼上反角之用.为说明这种方法的可行性和可靠性,以Y—7型飞机为算例进行了验证性计算。     

用于飞机概念设计的设计要求输入和初步定参数环境

为了在飞机概念设计过程中给新型号的设计要求组织和基本参数估算提供便捷且可扩展的工具而开发了设计要求与初步定参数环境(EDRIPS)。在这一环境中，设计可以通过友好的用户界面交互地输入飞机的性能要求、构造任务剖面和选取有效载荷，然后以此为基础从约束分析所得的可行域中选取设计点，进而利用一种改进的估算飞机起飞重量的方法进行任务分析以得到飞机的基本设计参数。介绍了各模块的实现措施和所采用的方法。最后通过对一个设计实例的分析验证了EDRIPS应用于飞机概念设计的有效性和可靠性。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

临近空间高超声速飞行器测控通信的需求及策略分析

对运行在临近空间的高超声速飞行器,由于其速度快、加速度大、距离跨度大等特点,对其试验及运行过程中的遥测遥控通信问题是一个关键难题。从临近空间的概念、特点出发,结合高超声速飞行器飞行状态、环境,分析了对试验过程中测控通信技术的需求,给出了分析结论及初步应对策略,可对有关高超声速飞行器的测控系统设计提供参考输入。