超高温抗氧化碳陶复合材料研究进展

综述了国内外近年来陶瓷涂层抗氧化改性C/ C 复合材料和陶瓷基体抗氧化C/ C 复合材料研究

与应用的新进展, 主要包括1 800℃以下、1 800 ~2 200℃和2 200℃以上不同使用温度范围的抗氧化陶瓷涂层

以及SiC 陶瓷和超高温陶瓷基体改性复合材料。指出了目前高超声速飞行器2 200℃以上超高温抗氧化热防

护材料研究中存在的问题,提出了今后研究的方向。

     

多重保护的传感器用线性稳压电源设计

设计了一种适用于为传感器供电的线性稳压电源,可以兼容24 VDC和220 VAC供电,解决了传感器交、直流供电兼容性问题,同时具备输入过压保护、输出过压保护、输出限流保护等多重保护功能,很大程度上提高了传感器的通用性和安全性。从理论设计和仿真分析两方面阐述了电源各部分的工作原理,以及针对特定参数的优化、调整方法,最终通过试验验证了设计的合理性。     

Enhanced ultrasonic total focusing imaging of CFRP corner with ray theory-based homogenization technique

Ultrasonic testing is effective in defect characterization and quality assurance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components in the aerospace industry. Due to the coupling between complex shape and elastic anisotropy, the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) and time-based Total Focusing Method (TFM) face significant challenges in the calculation of wave propagation. A wave velocity distribution model is established for a multidirectional convex corner of CFRP based on a homogenization theory and the above coupling effects are also incorporated. A ray-tracing method is proposed based on Dijkstra’s shortest path search algorithm. The predicted time of flight ensures that this technique, the homogenized TFM, could synthesize a high-quality focused image by post-processing on the full matrix capture data. Experiments on a laminate with three ?1.5 mm Side-Drilled Holes (SDHs) in different circumferential directions confirm a successful homogenized TFM imaging that all SDHs can be effectively detected. As compared to the isotropic scenario, the maximum positioning error is reduced to 0.12, 0.08, and 0.38 mm, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) are increased by 2.1, 1.1, and 11.8 dB, respectively. It is suggested that the ray-tracing assisted TFM technique can effectively improve the imaging of corners in CFRP components.     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.     

一种航天接口芯片静电防护电路的软击穿现象

接口阻抗测试是航天产品中对产品状态是否正常来进行判断的常用方法。在航天产品应用中，通常认为接口芯片阻抗测试异常即代表该接口芯片已经失效。本文针对一种LVDS接口发送芯片由静电导致阻抗测试异常，但功能正常的现象进行分析。在元器件失效分析的基础上，定位静电损伤的位置为芯片内部静电防护电路，从而建立了对应的电路模型，对芯片静电损伤的现象进行理论分析。分析说明：该芯片在被静电打击时，其静电防护电路中一个NMOS管受损，但该电路保护了芯片的功能电路，被击穿的NMOS管等效为一个电阻，因此导致阻抗测试异常，但芯片功能电路未受损的现象，为静电软击穿现象。且可认为该芯片在受静电影响后并未失效，相关电路仍具有正常工作的能力。即阻抗异常现象并不是芯片失效的充分条件。     

复合材料气瓶热防护材料隔热性能试验研究

以复合材料气瓶热防护材料的耐高温及隔热性能为研究对象，通过真空舱模拟上面级飞行段的真空环境，采用石英灯阵模拟热源，对两种热防护方案开展真空热试验，分析了不同材料（组合）、多层隔热组件不同单元的隔热性能及其差异产生的原因。结果表明两种防热方案都可使气瓶壁面温度满足不超过70 ℃的温度要求，其中“柔性隔热毡+中温多层”组合防热结构的耐温和隔热性能更优，并通过理论计算与试验值对比验证了热仿真计算中的不确定性，试验结果可为后续型号防热设计提供参考。     

CFRP薄壁圆筒壳端面磨削工艺研究

阵列碳纤维复合材料管是由碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)薄壁圆筒壳阵列排布后粘接制备而成，兼具碳纤维复合材料和蜂窝结构的优异性能，是一种新型的可应用于深空探测反射面板的理想材料结构。由于材料和制备方面的特殊性，在阵列碳纤维复合材料管加工过程中会由于磨削力过大导致多种加工损伤，为其高效低损伤加工带来了挑战。本文开展CFRP薄壁圆筒壳磨削加工正交试验，系统研究磨削深度、切出角度、主轴转速、进给率对磨削力的影响规律和影响程度。研究结果表明:工艺参数对水平面合力的影响程度依次为进给率、磨削深度、切出角度、主轴转速，对轴向力的影响程度依次为切出角度、主轴转速、进给率、磨削深度。研究对阵列碳纤维复合材料管高效低损伤加工工艺的制订具有参考意义。     

基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料研究进展北大核心CSCD

新型高速飞行器的快速发展对热防护系统提出了更高要求,基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料对提升热防护系统的防隔热性能和结构效率有重要意义。本文基于防热层材料的不同,分类概述了基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料的研究进展、结构形式和性能特点,并简要阐述未来防隔热一体化材料发展需要解决的问题。     

气凝胶隔热材料制备及航天热防护应用研究进展北大核心CSCD

我国航天事业的不断发展对航天器热防护材料提出了更高的要求,气凝胶作为一种纳米网络多孔材料,因其纳米尺度效应,具有超级隔热性能,是近年来超级隔热材料研究的热点和前沿。本文以航天热防护应用为背景,综述了气凝胶隔热材料近十年来的研究进展,包括无机氧化物气凝胶、有机气凝胶、炭气凝胶、碳化物气凝胶隔热材料等,以及其制备方法、隔热性能和热防护应用现状,结合当前航天领域需求和气凝胶隔热材料研究的难点问题,提出气凝胶隔热材料的未来发展方向。     

Effects of surface topography and specimen thickness on high-speed raindrop impact damage of CFRP laminates

Raindrop impact erosion has been observed since early days of aviation, and can be catastrophic for exposed materials during supersonic flight. A single impact waterjet apparatus is established for mimicking drop impacts at the velocities between 350 m/s and 620 m/s. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) laminates with three different surface morphologies and specimen thicknesses are tested here. A central region with no visible damage has been noticed, surrounded by a “failure ring” with common...