真实气体流动的相似规律

本文从具有化学反应的NS方程出发导出了真实气体流动的相似律,分别给出了高温空气非平衡流、平衡流和冻结流的相似参数。文中还讨论了航天飞机轨道器各种Mach数范围内的真实气体流动的相似参数和实验模拟问题。     

航空发动机数控系统通用仿真和开发平台的构筑

通过研究提出了一种集航空发动机数字控制系统设计、发动机调节计划和控制规律研究、控制系统软件开发、软件集成测试，以及控制器全功能检查为一体的通用仿真平台的设计构想。并对该高综合、多功能发动机通用仿真平台作了进一步的阐述。     

航天飞行中的稀薄气体动力学

飞船、宇航探测器、航天飞机等复杂外形航天器给气体动力学，包括稀薄气体动力学提出了新的要求。本文简要介绍了为计算过渡领域中气动力与热而发展的基于位置元概念的DSMC方法的通用算法。该方法解决了计算物面通量量的技术难点并已用于模拟圆球、飞船、类航天飞机的绕流。正在进行的航天实践，如麦哲伦飞船对金星的探测、行星大气中的气动制动、伽利略飞船的木星之行、尾屏蔽在太空中获得高真空的实验等等提出了新的气动力问题，稀薄气体动力学和DSMC方法是有力的工具。     

多约束实数权的直接数据域算法在空时自适应处理中的应用

传统的空时自适应处理算法通过权矢量幅度和相位的改变来实现,本文研究了空时自适应处理中一种改进的直接数据域(Directdata domain,DDD)算法。该方法仅通过权矢量幅度的改变,对一次样本数据进行处理,有效地抑制杂波和干扰,实现对目标信号的正确估计。采用实数权减小了运算量,降低系统的复杂程度。当目标信号的方向与天线波束指向有偏差时,采用多约束的方法,保证系统在目标信号方向的增益。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

瞬态气动模拟加热控制中的快速高精度"E-T"转换

为了准确模拟飞行器在高速飞行时的瞬态气动加热状态,必须使用快速、高精度的计算机瞬态热能控制系统,对气动模拟试验的加热过程,实行快速、高精度的非线性动态控制.为此,传感器的快速、高精度"E-T"转换是一个必须解决的非常重要的问题.提出一种高速飞行器瞬态气动加热控制系统中传感器的快速、高精度"E-T"转换方法.该方法具有计算简单、转换速度快、校正精度高的优点,使用该方法实现了高速飞行器气动加热过程中温度场高速变化状态下的瞬态非线性动态控制.     

燃烧室头部进气规律对煤粉燃烧效率的影响

用实验方法研究了火焰筒式煤粉燃烧室头部进气规律对燃烧效率的影响。通过对6种结构的头部配气方案的分析比较,得出了煤粉燃烧室合理的头部配气方案,为今后煤粉燃烧室的设计和工作状态的选择提供了重要的实验依据。     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

基于一致性融合和神经网络的航空发动机气路系统故障诊断方法

以信息融合为基础,运用GRNN神经网络对航空发动机气路系统进行故障诊断,提出了一种基于一致性融合和神经网络相结合的故障诊断方法。试验结果表明,该方法能快速识别航空发动机气路系统故障,并且对其他机械设备的故障诊断具有一定的参考价值。     

液化天然气作为航空燃料的发展趋势及特点分析

为研究液化天然气(LNG)作为航空燃料的可行性,对LNG的特点、发展趋势及作为航空燃料存在的问题进行了分析.采用了横向比较的方法,将LNG与新的航空替代燃料和传统航空燃料进行了比较和计算分析.结果表明:与新的航空替代燃料相比,LNG具有来源广泛、经济性好、发动机适应性强等优点.与传统航空燃料相比,LNG的储量大,可使用100年以上;可燃极限宽、污染物排放低,NOx排放仅为航空煤油的1/4;单位质量能量密度高、成本低,其燃料成本仅为航空汽油的一半,航空煤油的1/3;同时还具有可用于发动机高温部件冷却用的冷能,是一种极富潜力的航空燃料.指出在LNG作为航空燃料方面急需开展动力系统与飞机结构的匹配、燃料相态的有效转化及不同燃料在燃烧室内的反应特性等方面的研究工作.