观测轮廓显著性耦合时的轨道根数反演方法

针对脉冲轮廓显著性数据耦合情况下无法直接根据显著性数据反演轨道根数的问题,提出了一种根据脉冲轮廓显著性数据的方差特征进行解耦,并逐步实现轨道六根数估计的方法。利用X射线脉冲星实测数据完成了基于观测轮廓显著性数据方差特征的导航验证,实验结果表明根据显著性数据的方差特征可逐次解耦显著性数据,并以方差最小准则得到轨道根数的估计值,且定位误差为7.31 km。本文方法既不依赖标准脉冲轮廓,同时适用于轨道六根数均存在偏差的实际情况,在X射线脉冲星导航的实际应用中更具优势。     

Empirical model of cosmic ray spectrum in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during 11-year solar cycle

The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are the main ionization source at altitude of ∼3–35 km in the atmosphere. For high latitude anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component has also a significant influence on the atmospheric ionization. We propose an empirical model for differential spectra D(E) of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during solar cycle. In the model data are used which cover three solar cycles: 20, 22 and 23. The LEAP87, IMAX92, CAPRICE94, AMS98 and BESS experimental spectra for protons and alpha particles are fitted to the proposed empirical model. The modulated GCR differential spectra are compared with force-field approximation to the one-dimensional transport equation and with solutions of two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation. For experimental spectra, the calculation of the model parameters is performed by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, applied to the special case of least squares. Algorithm that combines the rapid local convergence of Newton–Raphson method with globally convergent method for non-linear systems of equations is applied for theoretically obtained differential spectra. The described programmes are realized in algorithmic language C++. The proposed model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.     

Preliminary results from the second flight of CREAM

Launched from McMurdo (Antarctica) in December 2005, the balloon experiment CREAM (cosmic ray energetics and mass) collected about 15 million triggers during its second flight of 28 days. Redundant charge identification, by two pixelated silicon arrays and a time resolved pulse shaping technique from a scintillator system, allowed a clear signature of the primary nuclei. The energy was measured with a tungsten/SciFi calorimeter preceded by a graphite target. Preliminary results from the analysis of the data of the second flight are presented.     

固体火箭发动机无损检测图像质量研究

详细介绍了利用工业CT进行固体火箭发动机无损检测中，提高图像质量方面的几点尝试－光轴对准、提高系统的信噪比、提高探测器效率、采用合适的硬滤手段和选用适当的图像滤波函数。给出了测试数据和处理前后的图像比较。上述几点尝度收到了较好的处理效果。     

用银河宇宙线判定几个引起特大磁暴CME的运动方向

利用位于南北极尖区位置的McMurdo和Thule台站的宇宙线强度的观测数据,分析了几个引起特大磁暴CME的来向.分析结果表明,所选的与4个特大磁暴相关的CME基本是朝正对磁层顶的方向运动并与磁层作用的.通过对引起第23周两个特大磁暴的CME特征分析对照,发现CME的来向是影响磁暴强弱的一个因素.同样条件下,运动方向偏向地球一侧的CME引起的磁暴比正对地球的CME引起的磁暴要弱.     

空间粒子辐射对卫星中集成芯片的影响

本文分析了在“风云一号(B)”气象卫星环境中各种粒子辐射在集成芯片临界体积中产生的能量沉积, 即LET(线性能量传输);得到了银河宇宙线1≤Z≤28、银河宇宙线异常成分(C、N、O、Ne、Ar、Fe)、内辐射带质子等产生的LET, 计算了其分别产生的单粒于事件(SEU)翻转率。     

Large geomagnetic storms of extreme solar event periods in solar cycle 23

During extreme solar events such as big flares or/and energetic coronal mass ejections (CMEs) high energy particles are accelerated by the shocks formed in front of fast interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). The ICMEs (and their sheaths) also give rise to large geomagnetic storms which have significant effects on the Earth’s environment and human life. Around 14 solar cosmic ray ground level enhancement (GLE) events in solar cycle 23 we examined the cosmic ray variation, solar wind speed, ions density, interplanetary magnetic field, and geomagnetic disturbance storm time index (D_st). We found that all but one of GLEs are always followed by a geomagnetic storm with D_st  −50 nT within 1–5 days later. Most(10/14) geomagnetic storms have D_st index  −100  nT therefore generally belong to strong geomagnetic storms. This suggests that GLE event prediction of geomagnetic storms is 93% for moderate storms and 71% for large storms when geomagnetic storms preceded by GLEs. All D_st depressions are associated with cosmic ray decreases which occur nearly simultaneously with geomagnetic storms. We also investigated the interplanetary plasma features. Most geomagnetic storm correspond significant periods of southward B_z and in close to 80% of the cases that the B_z was first northward then turning southward after storm sudden commencement (SSC). Plasma flow speed, ion number density and interplanetary plasma temperature near 1 AU also have a peak at interplanetary shock arrival. Solar cause and energetic particle signatures of large geomagnetic storms and a possible prediction scheme are discussed.     

C／C复合材料石墨化度的测定和评价

用Ｘ射线衍射方法对不同热处理温度下Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料石墨化度进行了测定，并对衍射峰进行了分峰处理。得出该材料由三种不同组元构成，即树脂炭，碳纤维和热解炭，求出各组元的石墨化度值及所占比例，进而得到试样的加权平均石墨化度。     

基于AMS-01实验估算羊八井处原初宇宙线的流强和能谱

利用Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS)实验对近地空间不同地磁纬度处不同能量原初宇宙线微分能谱的观测,通过积分近似计算和拟合方法,研究得出西藏羊八井地磁纬度处原初宇宙线质子动能在0.44～4.31GeV,4.31～12.38GeV,12.38～199.06GeV区间内的积分流强与拟合能谱函数以及原初宇宙线氦核在刚度区间6.92～14.45GV,14.45～229.9GV的积分流强与拟合能谱函数,为近一步进行羊八井处本底宇宙线流强估算奠定了基础.     

粗糙衰减因子在电磁波蒸发波导传播中的应用

为了研究电磁波在蒸发波导中的传播问题,结合我国海域蒸发波导实际情况,推算出其最大陷获角,仿真分析了Miller-Brown粗糙衰减因子随风速和电磁波传播方向与海面夹角的变化关系。运用射线描迹法进行仿真实验,结果表明:只要已知蒸发波导高度,就可得到海面粗糙衰减因子与风速的直接关系。采用高斯拟合模型,给出粗糙衰减因子的简化表达式,解决了模型中Bessel函数展开形式复杂、求解困难的问题,有利于快速获得海面粗糙状况,对分析粗糙海面对电磁波传输衰减影响有借鉴意义。