热辐射计内稀薄气体流动的蒙特卡罗模拟

本文应用直接仿真蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法,研究了Crookes热辐射计内由于叶片两表面的温度不同而引起的稀薄气体的流动,给出了热辐射计叶片高温面温度900K,低温表面温度为300 K,四种不同克努森数(Kn)下流速矢量场、温度场和叶片两面压力差的仿真结果.并与热辐射计在不同Kn数下的转速实验测量结果进行了比较,两者结果基本一致.     

Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.     

FY-2卫星扫描辐射仪在轨定标方法

ＦＹ－ ２ 在轨定标是云图定量处理的关键。首先叙述了ＦＹ－ ２ 可见光、红外和水汽通道的定标方法;然后介绍了星上各通道的电定标及黑体定标的过程。结果表明红外通道在轨定标曲线与实验室定标非常接近。     

Analysis of the brightness temperature features of the lunar surface using 37 GHz channel data from the Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer

Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (T_B) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global T_B images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable T_B units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the T_B heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO₂ abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO₂ abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance.     

Total column water vapor estimation over land using radiometer data from SAC-D/Aquarius

The aim of this study is retrieving atmospheric total column water vapor (CWV) over land surfaces using a microwave radiometer (MWR) onboard the Scientific Argentine Satellite (SAC-D/Aquarius). To research this goal, a statistical algorithm is used for the purpose of filtering the study region according to the climate type.A log-linear relationship between the brightness temperatures of the MWR and CWV obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements was used. In this statistical algorithm, the retrieved CWV is derived from the Argentinian radiometer’s brightness temperature which works at 23.8?GHz and 36.5?GHz, and taking into account CWVs observed from GNSS stations belonging to a region sharing the same climate type. We support this idea, having found a systematic effect when applying the algorithm; it was generated for one region using the previously mentioned criteria, however, it should be applied to additional regions, especially those with other climate types.The region we analyzed is in the Southeastern United States of America, where the climate type is Cfa (Köppen - Geiger classification); this climate type includes moist subtropical mid-latitude climates, with hot, muggy summers and frequent thunderstorms. However, MWR only contains measurements taken from over ocean surfaces; therefore the determination of water vapor over land is an important contribution to extend the use of the SAC-D/Aquarius radiometer measurements beyond the ocean surface. The CWVs computed by our algorithm are compared against radiosonde CWV observations and show a bias of about ?0.6?mm, a root mean square (rms) of about 6?mm and a correlation of 0.89.     

星载微波辐射计定标热源及其发射率测试研究

文章描述了星载微波辐射计定标源的结构与功能,介绍了应用空间反射法测试发射率的原理和方法,并对测试试验结果进行了分析讨论。     

"神舟四号"飞船微波辐射计天线的主波束效率

参照反射面天线主波束效率估计的简易计算公式,对“神舟四号”(SZ-4)飞船辐射计天线的主波束效率进行了具体估算,给出了计算流程和计算结果．计算表明,该辐射计天线在6．6GHz,19．35GHz,23．8GHz和37GHz 4个频段上的波束效率分别为89％,91．24％,92．91％和94．87％,并经过了在轨飞行验证．     

机载前视式风切变探测,告警系统的发展

较详细地介绍了红外辐射计式、微波多普勒和激光多普勒风切变探测，告警系统的研制发展现状及存在的问题，通过研究给出了一些结论：（１）红外辐射、微波和激光多普勒雷达系统可以用来探测低空风切变，并提供告警时间；（２）红外辐射系统可测量垂直风风速，而微波，激光多普勒协达系统可测量水平风风速，但不论那一种探测系统都无法同时测量水平风和垂直风风速；（３）地杂波是造成微波系统误警的主要因素之一；（４）激波系统对降     

高精度紫外探测器定标测试方法

文章研究分析了紫外电学定标探测器的主要光电不等效因素,并建立了基于紫外电学定标探测器的紫外辐射定标系统。在此基础上,利用紫外探测器定标测试平台,开展了紫外探测器的测试方法研究,响应率定标的总不确定度为3%～5%,相对光谱测试的总不确定度为3%。