航空航天复合材料绿色化发展浅析

简述了航空航天复合材料绿色化技术的研究进展,包括复合材料的绿色化设计、绿色材料、绿色制造,以及回收再利用等技术,探讨了复合材料绿色化技术的发展前景。     

基于GRECO的复杂目标多次散射RCS计算

复杂目标多次散射问题对于目标雷达散射截面(RCS,Radar Cross Section)的精确预估具有重要影响.以图形电磁计算(GRECO,Graphic Electromagnetic Lomputing)软件为平台,充分利用其可视化计算的特点,采用像素为基本计算单元,开发了一种多次散射计算方法.通过获取像素几何信息,搜索符合多次散射条件的像素对,并将高频计算方法中的几何光学和物理光学相结合,实现了对发生多次散射的复杂目标RCS可视化计算.应用AUTOCAD软件建立了角反射器和导弹模型,将最终计算结果与参考文献中计算结果进行对比,取得了较为理想的结果,证明了该方法具有很好的工程应用价值.     

高速旋转弹丸进动周期提取

对高速旋转弹丸的雷达回波进行处理,可以提取弹丸的进动周期.进动是弹丸平动之外的微动,弹轴围绕质心速度方向旋转对雷达回波产生微多普勒频率调制.对进动引起的微多普勒建模分析表明,散射点的径向速度是质心径向速度与进动引起的微动速度之和.利用短时傅里叶变换计算含有微动信息的散射点径向速度,然后采用分段多项式拟合获取质心径向速度.散射点径向速度减去质心径向速度可以得到微动速度.对微动速度进行时域滑窗自相关处理,可以提取弹丸进动周期.仿真分析和对弹丸实际测量数据处理表明:该方法可以有效提取高速旋转弹丸的进动周期.     

Tool Materials Rapid Selection Based on Initial Wear

Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research, 873 tool wear curves are taken as samples, and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period (WRIWP) and wear rate in uniform wear period (WRUWP) to certain extent. On this basis, a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward, and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.     

Trajectory Estimation with Multi-range-rate System Based on Sparse Representation and Spline Model Optimization

The classic state methods for trajectory estimation in boost phase with multi-range-rate system include method of point-by-point manner and that of spline-model-based manner. Both are deficient in terms of model-approximation accuracy and systematic error determination thus resulting in the estimation errors well beyond the requirements, especially, concerning the maneuvering trajectory. This article proposes a new high-precision estimation approach based on the residual error analysis. The residual error comprises three components, i. e. systematic error, model truncation error and random error. The approach realizes self-adaptive estimation of systematic errors in measurements following the theory of sparse representation of signals to minimize the low-frequency components of residual errors. By taking median- and high-frequency components as indexes, the spline model-approximation is improved by optimizing node sequence of the spline function and the weight selection for data fusion through iteration. Simulation has validated the performances of the proposed method.     

Heat Absorbing and Releasing Experiments with Improved Phase-change Thermal Storage Canisters

This article, based on authors' long-term study, proposes an improved foamed-Ni-packed phase-change thermal storage canister, which takes advantage of the foamed-Ni characteristic of instinctive porous structure and excellent properties to ameliorate its void distribution and thermal conductivity. The improved canister and the unimproved one without foamed-Ni package, are put to heat absorbing and releasing tests to investigate the effects of heat absorbing temperature upon the phase-change materials (PCM) melting time under three temperature schemes by using platinum resistance thermometers (PT100) and data acquisition modules (ADAM-4000) to gather the data of varying temperature. Afterwards, the computerized tomography (CT) is employed to scan the void distribution in both canisters. Compared to the unimproved canister, the experimental results evidence the superiority of the improved one in higher uniformity in void and temperature distribution as well as faster thermal responses.     

匀转速逆合成孔径雷达的越距离徙动补偿

针对ISAR系统中的匀转速目标,本文提出了一种有效的校正由目标均转速旋转引起的越距离徙动(MTRC)的方法,对方位向上越距离徙动进行校正。它采用基于PD算法的Radon变换在方位向上得到精确的二次相位系数估计值,然后直接在时域上对越距离徙动校正,获得了更高的分辨率。Outlier-delete算法是一种在时域校正方位向越距离徙动的算法,在高信噪比条件下可以实现很好的聚焦效果,而在低信噪比条件下,该算法会出现严重误估计,导致聚焦失败。本文提出的Radon-PD算法具有很好的抗噪性,通过仿真并与Outlier-delete算法进行性能比较,验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

航天用复合材料压力容器的应用与发展

复合材料压力容器在航空航天、汽车、电子等领域具有广泛的应用,本文系统地分析了目前复合材料压力容器的材料和典型结构,阐述复合材料压力容器在航天工业的主要应用及发展方向。     

受剪复合材料层合板开口应力应变分析研究

复合材料比强度、比刚度高,抗疲劳性能好,因此,越来越广泛地应用在航空、汽车和许多工程结构中,尤其是在航空领域。使用复合材料不但可明显减轻飞机结构质量,提高其结构疲劳寿命,还可提高结构效率,改善特定的气动性能,提高战斗机的作战性能。因此,在过去的30年里,复合材料在军用、民用飞机上的用量不断增加。复合材料在飞机结构上的用量增加的同时,在飞机结构中的使用范围也不断拓宽,使用部位从受力不大的部件如整流罩、前后缘、扰流板等次承力部位,到受力很大的水平安定面、垂直安定面、机翼等。随着复合材料的广泛应用,也会遇到一些新的问题。如在机翼结构中,尤其是在带整体油箱的机翼结构上（蒙皮、梁、肋）,由于使用要求,如保证油路、工艺施工、检查维修、设备安装、管道通过等,不可避免要在结构上布置各种类型、大小不同的开口或开孔。开口会改变结构的受力特性。因此有必要对复合材料层合板开口进行仔细的研究。本文主要针对受剪作用的复合材料层合板,运用工程软件计算分析了多种开口形状、开口方位、开口倒角大小等对层合板应力、应变集中的影响。对于薄板而言,易发生失稳破坏,本文最后对开口形状对层合板稳定性影响也进行了探讨。     

基于步进频的雷达成像算法研究

在多目标情况下,雷达接收的信号是目标各点散射的矢量叠加,高分辨率的成像可以实现各目标的分离。用于目标成像有多种算法,本文使用基于步进频的卷积-反投影算法(B-P算法)对回波信号进行处理,得到了二维的目标像,同时在增加一根接收天线的情况下,也可以获得各散射点的高度信息。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。