梁纵向与横向耦合非线性振动分析

纵向振动和横向振动耦合是捆绑火箭等结构中的典型振动现象.以Rayleigh梁为研究对象,通过Hamilton变分原理推导了考虑应变二次项的纵向振动与横向振动耦合控制方程,并用有限元方法对该非线性系统的行为进行了模拟.针对线性系统固有振动频率和非线性纵横耦合动态响应情况,把所得结果与NASTRAN结果进行了比较,二者结果吻合,证明了本方法的正确性.在此基础上,借助振动控制方程和模拟结果,讨论了非线性系统频率与模态的时变特性,非线性动态响应频率成分特性,横向振动和纵向振动相互影响以及共振现象等.研究结果为本方法的实际应用提供了理论基础.      

基于Krylov子空间法的柔性航天器降阶研究

带大型柔性附件的复杂航天器,其弹性变形通常用有限单元法描述.由于有限元节点坐标数目庞大将会给动力学方程求解和控制策略的实现带来巨大负担,因此对柔性太阳电池阵的动力学模型降阶进行研究.利用单向递推组集推导带太阳电池阵的航天器的刚柔耦合动力学方程,分别采用模态截断法、模态价值分析法和Krylov子空间法对太阳电池阵进行模型降阶,比较不同降阶模型和全有限元模型的动力学仿真结果.仿真结果表明,无论是否考虑大范围运动的影响,采用Krylov方法只需要较低的自由度就可以得到和采用有限元方法完全一致的结果.说明Krylov方法能够有效地降低航天器柔性附件的自由度,提高动力学仿真的效率,便于驱动控制的实现.     

基于动力学递推算法的绳系卫星系统刚柔耦合多体模型

利用动力学递推算法建立了空间绳系卫星系统(TSS)的铰接柔性杆动力学模型.所研究的绳系系统包含两颗刚体绳端卫星和一段连接两颗卫星的柔绳,柔绳离散为一系列球铰连接的弹性杆,考虑杆不均匀的纵向一维形变,并利用球铰的运动模拟柔绳的弯曲和扭转;然后基于递推算法推导得出了该刚柔混合离散模型的动力学方程.数值仿真结果表明:所建立的绳系卫星系统模型能够很好地模拟空间系绳的各向摆振和扭转,此外,递推算法的引入能够有效地减少离散模型动力学方程的维数,从而大幅减少计算量.      

一种宽带阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法

宽带数字阵列雷达接收通道中存在随频率变化的幅相误差和互耦误差,会严重影响雷达性能。针对这一问题,提出了一种宽带数字阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法。首先选取通带内多个离散频点,对于每个频点,将幅相误差和互耦误差作为一个整体,采用基于子空间原理的窄带校正算法估计其阵列失真参数,并计算校正矩阵;然后将其组合起来,构成频域离散校正矩阵;最后基于最小二乘准则,设计了宽带有限长脉冲响应(FIR)校正滤波器矩阵。利用该矩阵,可实现通带范围内任意带宽入射信号的校正。计算机仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。对实测数据的处理结果表明该算法在宽带数字阵列雷达系统中具有实用价值。     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

高性能G-M型单级脉管制冷机研究

从直流抑制角度出发，开展了高性能G—M型单级脉管制冷机的研究。在对各种直流抑制方式进行比较的基础上，利用双向进气阀流量系数的方向性，采用两个并联排列、指示箭头方向相反的阀门，称之为并联逆向双阀双向进气结构对直流进行抑制，成功地解决了传统单阀双向进气结构脉管制冷机的直流问题。在2kW(RW2)和4kW(CP4000)压缩机驱动时分别获得了18．4K和14．7K的最低制冷温度，对应在30K的制冷量为11．5W和29．5W，这些都是目前单级脉管制冷机公开报道的最好结果。     

Co/NM/FM(NiFe and Co)纳米多层膜的层间耦合效应

巨磁电阻自旋阀多层膜作为磁敏传感器材料与磁随机存储器(MRAM)材料，具有高的可靠性与灵敏度，在航空航天等高科技领域有着极大的应用前景。研究多层膜各层间的耦合效应与各层厚度、磁学性能之间的内在关系，对提高自旋阀的巨磁电阻效应、磁灵敏性等具有重要的作用。本研究采用磁控溅射沉积制备了(Cu／Co、Cu／NiFe，Ta／NiFe双层膜与Co／Cu／Co、Co／Cu／NiFe、Co／Ta／NiFe)三明治结构薄膜。采用振动样品磁强计对薄膜磁性、四探针法对薄膜磁阻性能进行了测试研究，采用洛仑兹电子显微镜法观察了薄膜的磁畴结构。研究结果表明，层间耦合效应不仅与非磁性中间层的厚度相关，而且与中间层材料的特性相关。磁阻与磁畴观察均表明层间耦合效应随中间层厚度的增加而减小，而Cu作为中间层的多层膜的层间耦合大于Ta作为中间层的层间耦合。     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

基于量子行为鸽群优化的无人机紧密编队控制

随着军事、民用需求的提高和相关领域的技术推动,无人机编队协同作业已成为当今人们逐渐关注的焦点。无人机紧密编队是指无人机间侧向距离在1~2倍翼展内的编队,因其可有效改善编队中无人机的气动性能而备受瞩目。基于无人机紧密编队条件下的气动耦合效应,建立三维空间下的状态空间方程描述双机相对运动,并推导了紧密编队条件下的双机最优编队构型,在此构型下将人工势场法和编队控制相结合作为控制系统中的间接控制环,并针对基本鸽群优化算法的寻优缺陷利用量子行为规则对其进行改进,将改进后的鸽群优化算法和无人机控制量结合作为控制系统中的直接控制环,最后通过仿真对比验证了此控制系统对于紧密编队控制的有效性。     

喷管间距对双喷流啸音影响的实验

实验详细测量了完全膨胀马赫数范围为110~160、喷管间距为16到32倍喷管出口直径的超声速双喷流近声场,分析了两个喷流各自发出的啸音在近声场的相位关系,研究了喷管间距对双喷流耦合的影响。结果表明:对比单喷流,双喷流耦合啸音在A模态时,呈现出反对称或对称模式,在反对称模式下,喷管中间区域啸音强度减小,对称模式下,双喷流中间区域啸音强度略大于单喷流啸音;B模态时,两个处于摆动模态的喷流啸音在喷管中间区域同相而发生耦合,极大地增强了B模态的幅值,达到160dB;C模态的相位关系还需进一步研究。对比不同喷管间距下的双喷流近声场,发现喷管间距过小或过大均不利于B模态的耦合;喷管间距对C模态影响最大,当喷管间距变大时,C模态幅值及主导马赫数范围均增大。