间接起爆对脉冲爆震发动机热效率影响

建立了基于整个燃烧室内经历不同燃烧方式下所有工质来评估脉冲爆发动机平均循环热效率的方法,通过二维数值方法对两种采用不同数目障碍物的爆震管模型的起爆特性及循环热效率进行了研究,并分析了燃烧波传播的距离与DDT距离之比（定义为ξ）对模型热效率的影响.结果表明:①间接起爆方式及不同DDT强化装置都会影响系统的循环热效率;②就计算模型,当ξ接近1时,其系统平均循环热效率仅为理想爆震循环热效率的60%左右;③随着ξ的增加,间接起爆方式的影响迅速减弱;④当ξ为1.5时,系统平均循环热效率可达爆震燃烧热效率的93%.      

弓形静子提高压气机抗旋流畸变能力研究

为降低旋流畸变对轴流压气机性能和稳定性的影响,对双级低速轴流压气机的第1级静子进行了3种不同正弯角的弓形叶片设计.采用整环三维定常计算方法,研究了对涡旋流下压气机的性能和稳定性.结果表明:静子采用合理的正弯曲设计能够提高压气机抗对涡旋流的能力.正弯曲弓形静子能够降低端壁区域的负荷,抑制各排叶片叶根区域吸力面附面层分离的形成以减小损失、提高效率和总压比.静叶弯角为10°时峰值效率增加1.5%,失速边界点流量减小6.95%.流量为18.5kg/s时,效率、总压比分别增加1.7%和0.03%.当弯角过大时,叶中区域负荷上升且摩擦损失增大,反而不利于效率和总压比的提升.      

非对称波瓣下外扩张角对S型喷管气动热力性能影响

为了研究非对称波瓣下外扩张角对S型喷管气动热力性能的影响规律,以含非对称波瓣的S型喷管为研究对象,保持非对称波瓣长度、内扩张角、高宽比及上外扩张角不变,取定非对称波瓣下外扩张角依次为17.75°,22.75°,27.75°,32.75°,建立了一组具有不同下外扩张角的非对称波瓣S型喷管模型。通过数值求解Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,得到了S型喷管气动热力性能随非对称波瓣下外扩张角的变化规律。研究结果表明:第一个弯道上游流场中,流向涡具有较强的混合能力,其核心区无量纲涡量值随非对称波瓣下外扩张角增大而逐渐增大;然而,在第一个弯道下游流场中,所有模型对应的流向涡核心区无量纲涡量值均已非常微弱。在S型喷管弯道区域,流道流向、截面形状发生巨大改变,使得内外涵流体混合效果显著提高,但混合流体的总压恢复系数却急剧下降。混合流体热混合效率值受下外扩张角影响不明显,但S型喷管下半部分内壁面温度随下外扩张角增大而逐渐上升。在S型喷管出口,下外扩张角为17.75°模型的总压恢复系数为0.9464,高于其他3种模型,并且相对于该截面上总压恢复系数最低值增加了0.55%。     

Influence mechanism of machining angles on force induced error and their selection in five axis bullnose end milling

In the machining of complicated surfaces, the cutters with large length/diameter ratios are used widely and the deformation of the machining system is one of the principal error sources. During the process planning stage, the cutting direction angle, the cutter lead and tilt angles are usually optimized to minimize the force induced error. It may lead to a low machining efficiency for bullnose end mills, as the material removal rates are different largely for different machining angles. In this paper, the influence mechanism of the machining angles on the force induced error is studied based on the models of the instantaneous cutting force when the cutter flute traveling through the cutting contact point and the stiffness of the machining system. In order to evaluate the machining angles, the force induced error/efficiency indicator (FEI) is defined as the division of the force induced error and the equal volume sphere of the removed material. FEI is dimensionless, with the lower FEI, the lower force induced error and the higher machining efficiency. For optimal selection of the machining angles, the critical FEI is calculated with the constraint of force induced error and the desired material removal rate, and the critical FEI separate the set of the machining angles into two subsets. After the feed rate scheduling process, the machining angles in the optimal subset would have higher machining accuracy and efficiency, while the machining angles in the other subset have lower machining accuracy and efficiency. Through the machining experiment of five axis machining and freeform surface machining, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FEI method is verified with a bullnose end mill, which can improve the machining efficiency with the constraint of force induced error.     

带起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却特性的数值研究

针对带起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却特性开展了三维数值模拟,对有无起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却结构进行了对比分析,并开展了主流速度、开孔率等参数对带起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却特性的影响研究。结果表明：带起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却结构能有效地改善无起始气膜的大弯管发散冷却结构前端冷效低的缺点,显著提高了大弯管整体的温度分布均匀性,平均综合冷却效率可提升10.8%-15.4%;主流速度的增大会增强主流与大弯管壁面的对流换热,引起壁面温度升高;开孔率的增加使得大弯管整体的冷却效率呈上升趋势,单位面积冷气流量的增加减小了开孔率带来的差异。     

Electrostatic particle collection in vacuum

Lunar grains accumulate charges due to solar-based ionizing radiations, and the repelling action of like-charged particles causes the levitation of lunar dust. The lunar dust deposit on sensitive and costly surfaces of investigative equipment is a serious concern in lunar explorations. Inspired by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), the Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector (ELDC) was proposed for collecting already charged lunar dust particles to prevent the lunar dust threat. As the conditions for terrestrial counterparts are not valid in the lunar environment, equations developed for terrestrial devices yield incorrect predictions in lunar application. Hence, a mathematical model was developed for the ELDC operating in vacuum to determine its collection efficiency. The ratios of electrical energy over potential energy, kinetic energy over potential energy and the ratio of ELDC dimensions were identified to be the key dimensionless parameters. Sensitivity analyses of the relevant parameters showed that depending on ELDC orientation, smaller particles would be collected more easily at vertical orientation, whereas larger particles were easier to collect in a horizontal ELDC configuration. In the worst case scenario, the electrostatic field needed to be 10 times stronger in the vertical mode in order to adequately collect larger particles. The collection efficiency was very sensitive to surface potential of lunar dust and it reached the maximum when surface potential was between 30 and 120 V.     

管式电除尘器中粉尘颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟

对管式电除尘器中的气固两相流动流场进行数值模拟 ,实质上是研究粉尘颗粒在有电场力作用下的运动轨迹。计算中 ,将气相作为连续介质 ,采用 K- ε双方程湍流模型 ,并用 SIMPL E算法对流场进行数值模拟 ;将固相作为离散体系 ,采用颗粒轨迹法计算其运动轨迹。计算时分别选取 4种电压、4种气流速度和 4种颗粒直径为计算工况 ,计算结果显示出颗粒运动特性和除尘效率 ,并指出其与电压、气流速度和颗粒粒径等 3个主要因素相关。计算结果与实验较为一致 ,表明文中提出的理论模型可用于管式电除尘器中颗粒运动的数值模拟 ,对电除尘器的研究和设计有重要的指导意义     

面向时间协同的多无人机队形变换最优效率模型

针对无人机（UAV）的编队集结、编队保持和编队重构等队形变换问题,从航迹规划的角度提出了一种面向时间协同的多无人机队形变换模型。在时间协同的条件下,选择队形变换的能源消耗与完成时间作为效率衡量指标,对编队集结、编队保持和编队重构进行规划,给出队形变换的最优空间位置。首先,分析了指定队形、无指定位置的编队集结问题,然后,将编队保持问题视为编队整体运动,最后,利用运动分解将编队重构问题分解为编队集结和编队整体运动。基于编队集结、编队保持和编队重构的不同特点,给出了这些具体队形变换下的最优效率计算公式,并进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明本模型可以实现预期的最优效率队形变换。     

双定子盘式永磁同步电机控制策略

对一种具有双定子的盘式永磁同步电机进行了讨论、分析与试验验证。双定子电机因其具有的高转矩密度、控制灵活等特点受到了越来越多的关注,然而在实际应用中,如何进行双定子的能量分配以使系统效率最优也成为了一个难点。因此,提出一种基于MAP图的转矩分配策略,并在以TMS320F28335为主控芯片的试验平台上对电机进行了试验验证。试验结果表明所提出的控制分配策略能有效地保证双定子电机系统高效运行。     

具有效率优化计算的异步电动机自抗扰与滑模直接转矩控制

为了克服异步电动机直接转矩控制中转矩和电流脉动大等缺点,设计改进的自抗扰速度控制器取代传统的比例积分(PI)控制器。根据异步电动机的数学模型以及滑模变结构控制理论设计了一种基于转矩误差和磁链平方误差的新型滑模控制器。考虑电机运行过程中负载转矩未知问题,设计了一种基于Supertwisting算法的负载转矩观测器。Supertwisting定子磁链观测器的应用提高了观测精确度。通过效率优化计算得出稳态时最优定子磁链,并将其引入调速系统。仿真试验结果表明,该控制策略有效地减小了转矩和电流脉动,并且对外部扰动具有较强抑制作用,同时能够降低电机运行损耗,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。